直流电动机调速系统仿真

安徽建筑工业学院毕业设计（论文）第1页摘要本论文是基于直流调速系统的设计与仿真，通过对控制系统的硬件电路设计实现对控制系统的功能构成的进一步了解，并利用Matlab／Simulink工具箱进行系统的动态仿真从而分析转速和电流的仿真波形，并进行调试，使双闭环直流调速系统趋于完善、合理．采用工程设计方法对双闭环直流调速系统进行辅助设计，选择调节器结构，进行参数计算和近似校验．并建立起制动、抗电网电压扰动和抗负载扰动的Matlab／Simulink仿真模型．其中电路的设计包括转速显示电路、转速检测电路、电流检测电路、触发脉冲输出电路、过零检测电路以及保护电路。通过仿真实现对系统的启动性能分析与抗扰性能分析，得出系统对负载的大幅度突变和电网电压的大幅波动具有良好的抗扰能力但是与理想的电动机的起动特性相比较，该系统的起动和恢复时间显得略长一些等结论关键词:调节器双闭环直流调速系统Matlab／Simulink仿真安徽建筑工业学院毕业设计（论文）第2页AbstractThisthesisisbasedontheDCspeedcontrolsystemdesignandsimulation,throughthecontrolsystemhardwaredesigntorealizethecontrolfunctionofthesystemconstitutesafurtherunderstandingThentheMatlabmodelofdoubleclosed-loopDCmotorcontrolsystemwasbuilt.Thespeedandcurrentwaveformwereanalyzedcarefully.BytryingagreatdealofsimulationtheDCmotorcontrolsystemwasmadebetterandmorereasonable.Accordingtoengineeringdesignmethodadoubleclosed-loopDCmotorcontrolsystemwasdesigned,amodulatorstructurewasselectedandcomputed,anditsparameterwascorrected.AndestablishaMatlab/SimulinksimulationmodelwhichIncludebraking,anti-disturbanceandanti-gridvoltageloaddisturbanceCircuitdesign,includingspeeddisplaycircuit,speeddetectioncircuitandcurrentdetectioncircuit,triggerpulseoutputcircuit,zerocrossingdetectioncircuitandprotectioncircuit.weconcludethatthisSignificantmutationsystemloadfluctuationsandgridvoltagehasagooddisturbancerejectioncapabilitiesbySimulationtSystemstart-upperformanceanalysisandperformanceanalysisofdisturbancerejectionbutalsocouldfindthattheIdealmotorstartingcharacteristicscomparedtothesystemstart-upandrecoverytimeseemsevenlongerandsoonKeywords:Regulator;doubleclosed-loopDCmotorcontrolsystem;Matlab/Simulink安徽建筑工业学院毕业设计（论文）第3页目录摘要..................................................................................................................................................1Abstract.............................................................................................................................................2目录..................................................................................................................................................3第一章概述...................................................................................................................................51.1研究背景............................................................................................................................51.2直流双闭环系统介绍........................................................................................................51．3国内外研究现状与趋势.................................................................................................61．4本论文主要工作.............................................................................................................7第二章直流调速控制系统的原理.................................................................................................82．1系统的工作原理.............................................................................................................82．2双闭环调速系统的构成.................................................................................................82．2．1转速、电流双闭环调速系统的组成.......................................................................92．2．2调节器输出限幅值的整定................................................................................92．3双闭环调速系统的动态特性.......................................................................................102．3．1双闭环调速系统突加给定时的启动过程.....................................................102．3．2双闭环调速系统的制动停车过程.................................................................112．3．3双闭环调速系统的抗扰性能.........................................................................112．3．4两个调节器的作用.........................................................................................11第三章系统的硬件设计.............................................................................................................133.1直流调速系统的方案选择..............................................................................................133.1.1直流电动机的选择...............................................................................................133.1.2电动机供电方案的选择.......................................................................................133.1.3系统的结构选择...................................................................................................143．2系统硬件结构的总体设计...........................................................................................143．3系统主要芯片介绍.......................................................................................................153．4系统硬件电路组成.......................................................................................................153．4．1AT89C51单片机的性能及特点......................................................................163．4．2键盘／显示电路设计.....................................................................................183．4．3数字测速硬件电路设计.................................................................................193．4．4电流检测电路设计........................................................................................