被动语态总结

点亮智慧人生被动语态复习A．熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词（p．p）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．一般将来时：shall／willbe＋p．p．现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋p．p．现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．过去将来时：should／wouldbe＋p．p．含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．haveB．明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2．强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。Thetree____________bythatboy．C．熟练转换1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；点亮智慧人生②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句。例如：①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．（同义句）②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables?（改为被动语态）Where______vegetables______?D．注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：①Hetoldusastory．（变被动语态）→Weweretoldastory（byhim）．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．②Hermothergaveheranewpen．（变被动语态）Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．（变被动语态）Thechildrenwill______________________________（byher）．3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．（变被动）He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．点亮智慧人生4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”。例如：Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Whohasbrokenthecup？（改为被动语态）→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken？E．注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了。（系表结构）Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，verymuch，somuch，toomuch修饰。试比较：Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F．牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1．becoveredwith被……覆盖2．bemadeof由……制作（发生物理变化）bemadefrom由……制作（发生化学变化）bemadein由（某地）制造bemadeby被（某人）制造3．beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作（作为）……来使用beusedtodosth．被用来做某事4．Itissaidthat．．．据说……Itishopedthat．．．希望……Itiswellknownthat．．．众所周知……例如：①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton?—Yes．It's_________Shanghai．A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；madein②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping点亮智慧人生③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．几种特殊的被动语态1.带不定式的被动语态。Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态。Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻。3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态。Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上。4.当sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅。Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销。被动语态专项练习一、选择题()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;builtB.Was;builtC.Does;buildD.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappenedB.washappenedC.ishappenedD.happened()3.Cotton（棉花）____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrownB.aregrownC.growsD.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisitedB.willbevisitedC.hasbeenvisitedD.wasvisited()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.A.isgivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.gives()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?A.areplantedB.willplantC.havebeenplantedD.planted()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.A.aredoingB.arebeingdoneC.hasbeendoneD.willbedone()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used点亮智慧人生()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.A.knowsB.knewC.isknownD.wasknown()10.Who_____thisbook_____?A.did;writtenB.was;writtenbyC.did;writtenD.was;written()11.Astory_____byGrannyyesterday.A.wastoldusB.wastoldtousC.istoldusD.toldus()12.Themonkeywasseen_____offthetree.A.jumpB.jumpsC.jumpedD.tojump()13.Theschoolbag___behindthechair.A.putsB.canbeputC.canbeputtedD.canput()14.Olderpeople____well.A.looksafterB.mustbelookedafterC.mustlookafterD.lookedafter()15.Ourteacher______carefully.A.shouldbelistenedtoB.shouldbelistenC.belistenedD.islistened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It'ssaid(据说)thatthelongbridge______________（build）intwomonths．2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________（discuss）now．3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______（speak）intheworld？4.Thelostboy_____________（notfind）sofar．5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________（cut）down．6.Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.7.Theoldmanisill.He______(mustsend)tothehospital.8.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.9.What_______knives______(make)of?They_______________(make)ofmetal(金属)andwood.10.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?11.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.点亮智慧人生12.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)in