2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案参考

可乐留学网留学可以很快乐第1页可乐留学网2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案参考在备考GMAT阅读时，考生如果能够掌握一些基本试题及解题技巧，将非常有利于GMAT考试高分的达成。这不，精品学习网出国频道为大家呈现了2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案，让我们一起分享下吧~2017年GMAT考试阅读模拟试题及答案参考Incontrasttotraditionalanalysesofminoritybusiness,thesociologicalanalysiscontendsthatminoritybusinessownershipisagroup-levelphenomenon,inthatitislargelydependentuponsocial-groupresourcesforitsdevelopment.Specifically,thisanalysisindicatesthatsupportnetworksplayacriticalroleinstartingandmaintainingminoritybusinessenterprisesbyprovidingownerswitharangeofassistance,fromtheinformalencouragementoffamilymembersandfriendstodependablesourcesoflaborandclientelefromtheowner’sethnicgroup(ethnicgroup:n.同种同文化之民族).Suchself-helpnetworks,whichencourageandsupportethnicminorityentrepreneurs,consistof“primary”institutions,thoseclosesttotheindividualinshapinghisorherbehaviorandbeliefs.Theyarecharacterizedbytheface-to-faceassociationandcooperationofpersonsunitedbytiesofmutualconcern.Theyformanintermediatesociallevelbetweentheindividualandlarger“secondary”institutionsbasedonimpersonalrelationships.Primaryinstitutionscomprisingthesupportnetworkincludekinship,peer,andneighborhoodorcommunitysubgroups.Amajorfunctionofself-helpnetworksisfinancialsupport.Mostscholarsagreethatminoritybusinessownershavedependedprimarilyonfamilyfundsandethniccommunityresourcesforinvestmentcapital.Personalsavingshavebeenaccumulated,oftenthroughfrugallivinghabitsthatrequiresacrificesbytheentirefamilyandarethusaproductoflong-termfamilyfinancialbehavior.Additionalloansandgiftsfromrelatives,forthcomingbecauseofgroupobligationratherthannarrowinvestmentcalculation,havesupplementedpersonalsavings.Individualentrepreneursdonotnecessarilyrelyontheirkinbecausetheycannotobtainfinancialbackingfromcommercialresources.Theymayactuallyavoidbanksbecausetheyassumethatcommercialinstitutionseithercannotcomprehendthespecialneedsofminorityenterpriseorchargeunreasonablyhighinterestrates.Withinthelargerethniccommunity,rotatingcreditassociationshavebeenusedtoraisecapital.Theseassociationsareinformalclubsoffriendsandothertrustedmembersoftheethnicgroupwhomakeregularcontributionstoafundthatisgiventoeachcontributorinrotation.Oneauthorestimatesthat40percentofNewYorkChinatownfirmsestablishedduring1900-1950utilizedsuchassociationsastheirinitialsourceofcapital.However,recentimmigrantsandthirdorfourthgenerationsofoldergroupsnowemployrotatingcreditassociationsonlyoccasionallytoraiseinvestmentfunds.Somegroups,likeBlackAmericans,foundothermeansoffinancialsupportfortheirentrepreneurialefforts.ThefirstBlack-operatedbankswerecreatedinthelatenineteenthcenturyasdepositories(depository:n.存放处)fordues(due:n.[复]应付款)collectedfromfraternalorlodgegroups,whichthemselveshadsprungfromBlackchurches.BlackbanksmadelimitedinvestmentsinotherBlackenterprises.IrishimmigrantsinAmericancitiesorganizedmanybuildingandloanassociationstoprovidecapitalforhomeconstructionandpurchase.They,inturn,providedworkformanyIrishhome-buildingcontractor可乐留学网留学可以很快乐第2页可乐留学网firms.Otherethnicandminoritygroupsfollowedsimilarpracticesinfoundingethnic-directedfinancialinstitutions.1.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,itwouldbeLEASTlikelyforwhichofthefollowingpersonstobepartofaself-helpnetwork?(A)Theentrepreneur’schildhoodfriend(B)Theentrepreneur’saunt(C)Theentrepreneur’sreligiousleader(D)Theentrepreneur’sneighbor(E)Theentrepreneur’sbanker2.Whichofthefollowingillustratestheworkingofaself-helpsupportnetwork,assuchnetworksaredescribedinthepassage?(A)Apublichighschoolofferscoursesinbook-keepingandaccountingaspartofitsopen-enrollmentadulteducationprogram.(B)Thelocalgovernmentinasmallcitysetsupaprogramthathelpsteen-agersfindsummerjobs.(C)Amajorcommercialbankofferslow-interestloanstoexperiencedindividualswhohopetoestablishtheirownbusinesses.(D)Aneighborhood-basedfraternalorganizationdevelopsaprogramofon-the-job(on-the-job:adj.在职的)trainingforitsmembersandtheirfriends.(E)Acommunitycollegeofferscountryresidentstrainingprogramsthatcanleadtocertificationinavarietyoftechnicaltrades.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutrotatingcreditassociations?(A)TheyweredevelopedexclusivelybyChineseimmigrants.(B)TheyaccountedforasignificantportionoftheinvestmentcapitalusedbyChineseimmigrantsinNewYorkintheearlytwentiethcentury.(C)Third-generationmembersofanimmigrantgroupwhostartedbusinessesinthe1920’swouldhavebeenunlikelytorelyonthem.(D)Theywerefrequentlyjointendeavorsbymembersoftwoorthreedifferentethnicgroups.可乐留学网留学可以很快乐第3页可乐留学网(E)Recentimmigrantsstillfrequentlyturntorotatingcreditassociationsinsteadofbanksforinvestmentcapital.4.Thepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?(A)Aminorityentrepreneurwhohadnoassistancefromfamilymemberswouldnotbeabletostartabusiness.(B)Self-helpnetworkshavebeeneffectiveinhelpingentrepreneursprimarilyinthelast50years.(C)Minoritygroupshavedevelopedarangeofalternativestostandardfinancingofbusinessventures.(D)Thefinancialinstitutionsfoundedbyvariousethnicgroupsowetheirsuccesstotheirun