搜索
5.30.ElectricMachine(EM)5.1.Vehicle(V)5.32.BatteryH(QH)5.27.ElectricalConsumer(X)5.59.Cockpit(CO)5.16.SingleRatioTransmission(D)5.17.Differential(N)5.98.Wheel/Tire(W)5.56.Brake(B)5.48.AntiSlipControl(ASC)C:\ProgramFiles(x86)\AVL\CRUISE\v2015\documentation\CRUISE\v20155.30.ElectricMachine(EM)TheElectricMachinecomponentcanbeusedeitherasanelectricmotororasagenerator.Thereareseparatecharacteristicmapsforeachmode.TogetherwiththeBatteryHandSupercapacitorcomponents,theusercansimulatehybridsystems.电机组件可作为电动机或发电机使用。每种模式都有单独的特性参数。与电池H和超级电容器组件一起，用户可以模拟混合动系统。Themodeloftheelectricmachinecontainstwocomponents,theinverterandtheelectricmotor.Forthistypeofmodelacharacteristicmapfortheefficiencyisusedtocalculatethelossofpower.Thethermicmodeltakesthewarmupoftheelectricmachineintoaccountregardingtheoccurringlosses.Thewarmupoftheenvironmentwithrespecttothecoolingsystemduetotheelectricmachineisnotconsideredintheelectricmachinecomponent.电机的模型包含两个组件,逆变器（DCtoAC）和电动马达。对于这种类型的模型，利用效率特性图来计算能量损失。对于能量损失，热模型考虑到对电机进行预热。不考虑由于电机而导致的冷却系统环境的升温。Theactualtemperatureofthesemi-conductorelementsintheinvertermustnot(notevenatstartingtimeorattransientloadcycle)exceedtheupperlimit,sincetheconsequencewouldbethedestructionoftheinverter.逆变器中半导体元件的实际温度必须不超过上限（即使是在启动时或短暂的负载周期），因为结果就是逆变器的损坏。Itisalsopossibletocalculateseparatelythetemperatureoftheinverterbyusingthethermalmodelofit.Inthiscasethethermalcoefficients(likeheatcapacityandheattransition)oftheinverterhavetobedefined.还可以用其热模型来分别计算逆变器的温度。在这种情况下，必须定义逆变器的热系数(如热容和热转换)。Themaximalpowershouldberestrictedtoavoidexceedingthegivenlimitforthetemperatureduetotheoccurringlosses.Thereforethepermissiblelossesaredependentontheactualtemperatureofthemotorandthemaximalmomentofinertiaisdeterminedaccordingtothesevalues.由于能量损失，最大的动力应该限制,以避免超过设定的限制温度。因此，允许的能量损失取决于电机的实际温度，并根据这些值确定最大转动惯量。5.30.1.PropertiesOutputIfactivatedaresultoutputforthiscomponentismade.如果被激活了，该组件的结果将输出。LossesEfficiencyTheEfficiencyhastobedefineddependingonspeedandpower(ortorque).效率必须根据转速和功率(或扭矩)来定义PowerLossThePowerLosshastobedefineddependingonspeedandpower(ortorque).功率损失必须根据转速和功率(或扭矩)来定义。TemperatureCalculatedThemachinetemperatureiscalculatedbythecomponentusingaspecialthermalmodel.电机的温度是用一个特殊的热模型来计算的。FromDataBusTheactualvalueofthemachinetemperatureistakenfromtheDataBusandusedforfurthercalculationsinthecomponent.电机实际温度数值取自数据总线，并用于组件的进一步计算。TemperaturemodelIfactivatedtheinvertertemperaturemodelisseparatelycalculated.如果激活，逆变器温度模型分别计算。Theinvertertemperaturemodelcanonlybeusedincombinationwiththepowerlossmapsoption.逆变器温度模型只能与功率损失图选项结合使用。DeratedFullloadcharacteristics降低全负荷特性Ifactivatedlimitedfullloadcharacteristicsareactivatedthenactualtorqueissettotheuser-definedlimiteverytimeitexceedsthislimit.如果激活，限制全负荷负载特性被激活，那么当它超过这个极限时，实际的扭矩就会被设置为用户定义的极限。CurrentLimitOnTheactualcurrentissettotheuser-definedlimiteverytimeitexceedsthislimit.实际的电流设置为用户定义的极限，当每次超过这个极限的时候。OffTheactualcurrenthasnouser-definedlimit.FromDataBusTheactualcurrentissettothecurrentlimitfromDatabuseverytimeitexceedsthisdatabuslimit.当超过数据总线限值时，实际的电流被设置为数据总线的限值。SpeedLimiterIfactivated,themaximumspeediscontrolledbytheuser-definedmaximumspeed.如果激活，最大速度由用户定义的最大速度控制。ControlVariableLoadSignalTheElectricMachineiscontrolledbyLoadSignal.TheDataBusInput'LoadSignal'hastobeconnected.电机由负载信号控制。数据总线输入的“负载信号”必须连接。DesiredTorqueTheElectricMachineiscontrolledbyDesiredTorque.TheDataBusInput'DesiredTorque'hastobeconnected.电机由所需的扭矩控制。数据总线输入“所需的扭矩”必须连接。MachineMapsU2-U5Ifdeactivated,theusercanenterthecharacteristicmapsonlyforoneuser-definedconstantvoltagelevelU1.IftheuseractivatessomeoftheswitchesU2...U5,theCharacteristicMapsofthemachine(MaximumPower(Torque)andEfficiency)canbedefinedinmoredetailbydefiningeverymapdependentonthecorrespondingvoltagelevelU2...U5(whichcouldbeenteredin'CharacteristicMapsofMachine').Theactualcharacteristicsareinterpolatedfromthedefinedmaps.如果不激活，用户只能输入一个恒定电压U1的特性图。如果用户激活了一些开关U2…U5，电机的特性图(最大功率(扭矩)和效率)可以通过定义每个依赖于相应电压等级U2…U5的映射来定义更详细的信息(可以输入“电机的特性图”)。实际的特性通过差值法定义5.30.2.UserDefinedVariablesTypeofMachineTheusercanselectbetweenanASM(asynchronousmotor)andaPSM(Permanentmagneticsynchronousmotor).ASM异步[感应]电动机，PSM永磁同步电动机[-]CharacteristicMapsandCurvesmotor-related:dataofthecharacteristicmapshavebeenmeasuredinmotoricmodeandarereferredtothe1stdrivequadrant.电动模式特性图的参数参考第一象限。generator-related:dataofthecharacteristicmapshavebeenmeasuredingeneratormodeandarereferredtothe4thdrivequadrant.发电模式特性图的参数参考第四象限。overall:4Quadrantsmode;dataforalldrivequadrantscanbeentered.Atleastdataforonemotorquadrantandforonegeneratorquadrant[-]arerequired.Quadrantswithnodataarecalculatedusingtheonesinserted.4象限模式;所有象限的数据可以输入。至少需要一个电机象限和一个发电机象限的数据。没有数据的象限是用插入的数据来计算的。NominalValuesNominalVoltageTheNominalVoltageshouldbethesameasintheonboardnetwork.标称电压应与车载网络相同[V]InertiaMomentInertiamomentofelectricmachine[kgm2]MaximumCurrent-MotorUpperlimitofcurrentthatcanbesuppliedtoelectricmachine可提供给电机的电流上限。[A]MaximumSpeedThemaximumspeedisthemaximumangularvelocitytheelectricmotorcanrunat.最大速度是电机可以运行的最大角速度。[1/min]DragTorque[Nm]MaximumCurrent-GeneratorUpperlimi