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高中英语课程1基础过关形容词一．概念：形容词是用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。二．形容词在句中充当什么成分：通常作定语，表语，主补，宾补和状语。1.做定语一般放在所修饰词的前面aninterestingfilmgoodidea形容词修饰不定代词Some-,any-,no-,every-,时，形容词一般要后置，做后置定语：everybodycleversomethingimportantIhave_______________(一些重要的事情）totellyou2．做表语eg.Impossibleisnothing.没有不可能。注:(1)一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be变化系词：become,get,turn,grow,go保持系词：keep,remain,stay感观系词：look,smell,taste,feel,sound,appear,seem,proveetc.(2)①某些以a开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid,alike,alone,asleep,awake，alive②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well,illfaint3.做补足语。eg.Weconsidertheplanworkable.我们认为该计划可行。高考形容词和副词高中英语课程24.做状语表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。Eg.1）Hewenttobed,coldandhungry.2）Knowingthetruth,thebossstoodthere,speechless.得知真相后，老板无言以对。（speechless为状语，注意形容词作状语，通常用于固定句式，该形容词并非修饰谓语动词，而是说明前面名词的性质或状态)。例:Whenitwashisturntodeliverhisspeech，________，hewalkedtowardsthemicrophone.A．nervouslyandA.embarrassinglyB．nervousandembarrassedlyC．nervouslyandembarrassingD．nervousandembarrassed解析：该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语。如：Helayinbed，awake.再如：Herhusbandcameback，drunk.答案：D三．形容词的比较级和最高级变化规则规则变化1.一般情况加er,estsmaller,smallest2.以e结尾加r,stlarger,largest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词改y为i，再加er,estbusier,busiest4.重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加er,estfatter,fattest5.多数双音节和多音节的词加moremostmorebeautiful,mostimportant不变化规则原级比较级最高级good,wellbetterbestbad,ill,badlyworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther,furtherfarthest,furtheroldolder,elderoldest,eldest例：改错1.Fartherexplanationisunnecessary2.Airplanescanflyfurtherandfasterthanthefastestbird.四．具体用法:1.原级的用法1)as原形asA与B一样……eg.Thetraintravelsasfastasthe3:55train.Hehasnotasmuchmoneyashisfriend.2)notas(so)原形asA与B不一样……高中英语课程3eg.Sheisnotas(so)beautifulashersister.Theworkisnotas/sodifficultasyouimagine.这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。注意貌似同级比较结构的一些习惯用语①asfaras词汇意义：“和…一样远；一直到…”。引申义表程度或范围，作连接词引导从句，表“尽…；就…”。②aslongas词汇意义：“和…一样长”。引申义为“只要…”，引导条件状语从句，相当于onlyif。③aswellas词汇意义：“和…一样好”，可作并列连词，意思是“和；以及”。句尾用aswell,作“也”讲。④assoonas词汇意义：“尽快”，引申义为“一…就”，作连词引导时间状语从句，相当于themoment(when)。2.比较级的用法1)比较级+thaneg.Healthismoreimportantthanwealth.2)比较级+比较级“越来越…”higherandhighermoreandmoreimportant3)the+比较级，the+比较级“越…，越…”eg.Thequickeryougetready,thesoonerwe'llbeabletoleave.4)the+比较级+ofthetwo“两者中较…的一个”Thetallerofthetwoboysismybrother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。5)否定+比较级表示最高级“最…不过”eg.Hisworkcouldn'tbeworse.Howbeautifullyshesings！Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.—Areyousatisfiedwithwhathesaidatthemeeting?—你对他在会议上说的满意吗？—No.Itcouldn’thavebeenworse.——不，不能再差了。6）比较级＋thananyother＋名词单数、比较级＋thananyoftheother＋名词复数、比较级＋thananyoneelse等。补充：senior(年长的，高级的)，junior(年幼的，初级的)，等词与to连用，表示比较级。superior(优越的)，inferior(下等的，低劣的)eg.Heisthreeyearsseniortome.Heisthreeyearsolderthanme.3.最高级的用法1）the+最高级+of/in+比较范围（…之中最…）Ofallthingsintheworld,peoplearetheprecious.2）the+序数词+最高级高中英语课程4四．比较级结构的修饰语1．用于原级之前：almost,nearly,just,exactly,quite,half,twice,threetimes,athird,etc.eg.Johnisalmostastallasyou.Theriveristhreetimesaslongasthatone.Wehaveathirdasmanystudentsaswehadlastterm.2．用于比较级前alot,much,abit,even,alittle,still,agreatdeal,far,rather,twoyears,tenpercent,threetimesetc.eg.Thestudentsstudyevenharderthanbefore.学生们学习比以前更努力了。Acarrunsagreatdealfasterthanabike.汽车比自行车跑得快得多。It'scoldthisyear,butit'sevencolderlastyear.Weproduced6%moregrainthisyearthanwedidlastyear.3．用于形容词和最高级前thevery,muchthe,byfarthe,thefirst/secondeg.Thishatisbyfarthelargestintheworld.Goldistheverymostvaluableofallmaterials.ThebridgebeingbuiltnowisbyfarthelongestacrosstheYellowRiver.目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。I’dliketobuythesecondmostexpensivecamera.我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。五．形容词的构成1.本身为形容词nice,red,glad2.形容词后缀-able,-ful,-less,-ous,-al,-ent,-en,-some名词+y结尾的形容词3.ly结尾的形容词friendly,timely,lovely,deadly,daily,weekly,yearlydeadly,costly,likely,lively(,lovely。4.复合形容词warm-hearted,good-tempered,easy-going,duty-free六．顺序在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。县官行令杀国才。这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）asmallroundtableatallgraybuildingThisaprettysmallroundoldbrownChinesewoodenwritingdesk补充：cannot/never与enough或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。高中英语课程5—Iwasridingaloneinthestreetandallofasudden，acarcutinandknockedmedown.——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了—Youcanneverbetoocarefulinthestreet.——在大街上你越仔细越好。考点解析考点一：词义辨析1.【2012山东卷】33.Be_______—youcan’texpectmetofinishallthisworkinsolittletime.A.reasonableB.confidentC.creativeD.grateful2.【2012安徽卷】23.Interestisastolearningastheabilitytounderstand,evenmoreso.A.vitalB.availableC.specificD.Similar3.【2011浙江卷,16】Myscheduleisvery______rightnow,butI’lltrytofityouin.A.tightB.shortC.regularD.flexible1.【答案】A2.【答案】A【解析】Bevitalto表示：对.....极端重要3.【答案】A1.Defeatis_______．Youloseoneortwogamesandyoustopbelievingyoucanwin．A．physicalB．politicalC．psychologicalD．beneficial2.----MayIcheckinnow?----Sorry,sir!Butthere’snotanyroom______inourhotel.A.usefulB.convenientC.flexibleD.available3.Nowadays,thereisa______increaseinchildren’screativity,fortheyaregreatlyencouragedtodeveloptheirtalents.A.sharpB．slightC．naturalD．modest4.Millionsofyoungpeopleareso________abouttheso-called“SinglesDay”thatevenwebsiteslikeTaobaohavespecialsalesonNovember11.A.particularB.positiveC.enthusiasticD.cauti