The-old-man-and-the-sea(老人与海)

Theoldmanandthesea——ErnestHemingwayErnestHemingwayWhenhewasyoungWhenhewasoldErnestMillerHemingway（欧内斯特·米勒尔·海明威）wasbornonJuly21,1899,inOakPark,Illinois,asuburbofChicago.Hischildhoodwashappyandfreebecausehespentmostoftimeinfarm.Aftergraduatingfromhighschool,18yearsold,heworkedforKansasCityStar(堪城星报).Duringthattime,hegotgreattrainingwhichbenefitedhimallhisfollowinglife.In1918,Hemingwayquithisjobofreporterandappliedtojoininthearmyinordertogettheinformationofthewarintime.Duetohispooreyesight,hebecameanambulancedriver.Duringthisperiod,hewasshockedbythecruelscene.Later,hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArmswasinspiredbyhispreciousexperience..HemingwayseemedinterestedinarmyandwarbecausehenotonlyjoinedtheWorldWarⅠ,butalsojoinedtheWorldWarⅡ,andevenwasselectedasaspy.Afterthewar,hebecamegraduallynoncomposmentis.Unfortunately,hekilledhimselfin1961,aging62yearsold.HisfamousworksTypenameTimeNovelTheSunAlsoRises《太阳照常升起》1926AFarewelltoArms《永别了，武器》1929ForWhomtheBellTolls《丧钟为谁而鸣》1940TheOldManandtheSea《老人与海》1952Theoldmanandthesea•TheOldManandtheSeaisanovelwrittenin1951inBimini,Bahamas,andpublishedin1952.ItwasthelastmajorworkoffictiontobeproducedbyHemingwayandpublishedinhislifetime.TheOldManandtheSeawasawardedthePulitzerPrizeforFictionin1953andwascitedbytheNobelCommitteeascontributingtotheawardingoftheNobelPrizeinLiteraturetoHemingwayin1954.Thecharacters•Thehero•Name:Santiago•anagingfishermanwhostruggleswithagiantmarlinfaroutintheGulfStream.Thecharacters•Thesupportingcharacter•Name:Manolin•Alittlewarm-heartedboywhoalwayshelpsandcompaniestheoldman.•Theboyrespectstheoldmanverymuchandisextremelywillingtogoouttotheseawiththeoldman,buthisfatherisn’t.Theplot•Background•ThenovelstartsbytellingthereaderthatSantiagohasgone84dayswithoutcatchingafish,considered“salao”,theworstformofunluckiness(倒了血霉）.Heissounluckythathisyoungapprentice,Manolin,hasbeenforbiddenbyhisparentstosailwithhimandbeentoldto,instead,fishwithsuccessfulfishermen.Theplot——HardprocessOntheeighty-fifthdayofhisunluckystreak,SantiagotakeshisskiffintotheGulfStream,setshislinesand,bynoon,hashisbaittakenbyabigfishthatheissureisamarlin.Unabletopullinthegreatmarlin,Santiagoisinsteadpulledbythemarlin.TwodaysandnightspasswithSantiagoholdingtheline.Thoughwoundedbythestruggleandinpain,Santiagoexpressesacompassionateappreciationforhisadversary,oftenreferringtohimasabrother.Healsodeterminesthatbecauseofthefish'sgreatdignity,nooneshalldeservetoeatthemarlin.Onthethirdday,thefishbeginstocircletheskiff.Santiago,wornoutandalmostdelirious,usesallhisremainingstrengthtopullthefishontoitssideandstabthemarlinwithaharpoon.Intheend,theoldmansuccessfullycaughtthebigandstrongmarlin.HoweverAttackfromsharksAttackerResultTheFirsttimeMackerelshark(鲭鲨)Santiagokillsthemackerelsharkwithhisharpoon,buthelosestheweapon.Themarlinlosesabout40pounds.SecondMustelusmanazo(星鲨)Hekillstwomustelusmanazo,butthemarlinremainsthreefourths.ThirdSharkKillingasharkbreakshisknife.FourthTwoMustelusmanazoUsingshortcudgeltorepulsethesharks.FifthAlotofdifferentkindsofsharks(群鲨)Thebigmarliniseatenout,remainingnothingexceptbones.Finallyreachingtheshorebeforedawnonthenextday,Santiagostrugglestohisshack,carryingtheheavymastonhisshoulder.Oncehome,heslumpsontohisbedandfallsintoadeepsleep.Otherfishermenareshockedwhentheyseesuchalongandbigmarlin,evenitonlyremainingitsbackbone,itstailanditshead.Theme•Amanisnotmadefordefeat,amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated.一个人并不是生来就要被打败的，人尽可以被毁灭，但却不能被打败！•ThroughSantiago,Hemingwayexpresseshisidea:Apersonmusthavethedeterminationtosuccess,noteasilysurrenderinghimselftotribulations.Theme•Althoughtheoldmanfailedintakingthebigmarlinhome,heisstillasuccessfulandexperiencedfisherman.•Hisbravery,whichisalsothekeywordofthisnovel,makesalmostallofthereaderssighwithemotion.icebergtheory(冰山理论)•thewriterincludesinthetextonlyasmallportionofwhatheknows,leavingaboutninetypercentofthecontentamysterythatgrowsbeneaththesurfaceofthewriting.Thistypeofwritinglendsitselfnaturallytoaversionofdream-interpretation.Ifawriterofproseknowsenoughaboutwhatheiswritingabouthemayomitthingsthatwillhaveafeelingofthosethingsasstronglyasthoughthewriterhadstatedthem.Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.Agoodwriterdoesnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.Characteristics(写作特色)PlainstructureandplotOnlyonehero:SantiagoSimplepersonalityofhero:brave,dogged(顽强的),withinflexiblewill,haleandhearty(老当益壮的)Avoidtoomanydescriptionsandusesimplebutaccuratewords.VividdescriptionofSantiago’sactionstomakereadersbepersonallyonthesceneThankyouforlistening