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上海高考英语备考训练1/4上海高考英语题型训练:写作2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV.SummaryWriting（10分）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint（s）ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.松江ItgoeswithoutsayingthatthelanguagespokenbythemajorityofBritishpeoplehasthesamenameasthelanguagespokenbymostcitizensoftheU.S.A.Nonetheless,quiteapartfromwell-documentedlexical（词汇的）differences-pavement/sidewalk,lift/elevator,etc.-therearestillsomewordsandphraseswhichcancauseconfusionandmisunderstandingbetweenspeakersofthetwodifferentforms.That'swhysonicpeoplesaythatGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesarenationsseparatedbyacommonlanguage.Therearepracticalreasonsforthis.WhenthefirstEnglishsettlersarrivedinwhatwenowcallAmerica,thelanguagetheyspokewasnaturallythesameasthatspokenbytheircompatriots（同胞）ontheothersideoftheAtlanticOcean.However,theyimmediatelysawthingswhichdidn'texistinEurope,oftenitemsusedandmadebyNativeAmericans,suchascanoesandmoccasinsandcreaturessuchasbuffalo.TheyalsopickedupwordswhichtheyheardbeingusedbyotherEuropeanimmigrants.Thewordboss”,forexample,wasusedbysettlersfromHollandinNewYorkinthemid-17thcentury.ItcomesfromtheDutchwordbaas'whichmeansmaster.ThewordcookiealsocomesfromtheDutchkoekje”.Therearemanywords,phrasesandevengrammaticalstructureswhicharemistakenforAmericanisms（美式英语用语）inBritainwhentheyarenothingofthesort.Veryoften,theyrepresentnotanAmericanimport,butanoriginalformofBritishEnglishwhichhasdisappearedinBritain.Theverbsguess”meaningthinkand“loan”meaninglendandtheadjectivemadmeaningangryarefrequentlycriticizedasAmericanisms,yettheyallappearedinBritishEnglishhundredsofyearsago.Inthecaseof“loan”,itwasusedaslongagoas1,200years!Infact,EnglishspokenintheUKhaschangedsothoroughlyinthelast500yearsthatAmericanEnglishnowrepresentsthelastplacewheresomeoriginalBritishEnglishformscanbefound.参考答案：AlthoughAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglisharethesamelanguage,therearegreatdifferences.Tworeasonsaccountforthephenomenon.NewwordswerecreatedafterthefirstEnglishsettlersinAmericasawnewthingsandlearnedwordsfromotherEuropeans.Additionally,someoriginalexpressionshavebeenchangedbyBritishpeoplewhiletheyarestillbeingusedbyAmericans.崇明GivingThanksThisistheseasonfortakingthetimetoreflectonwhatwe'rethankfulforinlife.Spendingthattimewithfriendsandfamilytogivethanksiswhatmakestheholidayssospecial.Butwhyshouldwelimitittojustafewweeksintheyears?Gratitudeisa上海高考英语备考训练2/4muscleweshouldstrengthenyear-roundtomakeushealthier,happierhumansandleaders.Emmons,throughhisresearch,foundthatgratefulpeoplereportedfeelinghealthier,bothmentallyandphysically.Specifically,thosewhoweregratefulwere25percenthappierthanthosewhoweren't.Intheworkplace,well-beingisacrucialtopicwhenitcomestopreventingemployeeburn-outandpromotingengagement.Beyondtheresearchthatshowsthatemployeeswhoarcshownthattheyarcappreciatedarcmoreproductiveby50percent,caringforyouremployees’well-beingissimplytherightthingtodo.Providingprogramsthatsupportmanaginglife'severydaychallenges,offeringfitnessclassesorimplementingflexibleworkschedulesarejustafewthingsthat,whenpairedwithgratitude,canleadtomoreproductive,engagedandhappierworkingprofessionals.Workinginanever-evolving,fast-pacedindustry,Iamsurroundedbyambitiouspeoplewhoarealwaysstrivingformoreandbetter.Gratitudechallengesyontoreflectinthemomentinsteadofalwaysthinkingaboutthefuture.Itstartsbypayingattentiontowhat'sgoingoninyourlife,andthattrueself-awarenessisakeyingredienttobeingsuccessfulinyourcareer.Gratitudeisapowerfultoolforstrengtheningrelationships,bothatworkandinyourpersonallife.Peoplewhoexpresstheirgratitudetendtobemorewillingtoforgiveothersandthereforeabletocreatelong-lastingconnections.Theoldsayinggoes“It’snevertoolatetosayyou’resorry,”butthesameistrueofgratitude.That’sagiftworthcelebrating365daysayear.参考答案：Weshouldshowgratitudeyear-roundasitisbeneficialtobothourpersonalandprofessionallife.First,ithelpsourphysicalandmentalhealthandmakesushappier,thuspromotingproductionatwork.Second,itmakesusmoreself-aware,whichcancontributetocareersuccess.Lastly，itmakesusmorelikelytoforgiveothersandhelpsbuildstrongrelationships.(59words)虹口TheZeigarnikEffectHaveyoueverfoundyourselfthinkingaboutapartiallyfinishedprojectforschoolorworkwhenyouweretryingtofocusonotherthings?OrperhapsyouwonderedwhatwouldhappennextinyourfavoriteTVshoworfilmseries.Ifyouhave,you’veexperiencedtheZeigarnikeffect.Youtendtorememberunfinishedtasksbetterthanfinishedtasks.KnowledgeoftheZeigarnikeffectcanbeputintouseineverydaylife.Theeffectisespeciallywellsuitedforhelpingovercomeprocrastinationordelayinganactiontoalatertime.Weoftenputoffbigtasksthatseemoverwhelming.However,theZeigarnikeffectsuggeststhatthekeytoovercomingprocrastinationistojustgetstarted.Thefirststepcouldbesomethingsmallandseeminglyinsignificant.Infact,it’sprobablybestifit’ssomethingfairlyeasy.TheZeigarnikeffectcanbeusefulforstudentswhoarestudyingforanexam.Theeffecttellsusthatbreakingupstudyperiodscanactuallyimproverecall.Soinsteadofcrammingforanexamallinonesitting,breaksshouldbescheduledin上海高考英语备考训练3/4whichth