激光术语中英文对照讲解

光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）LaserGlossaryABLATION:Theremovalofmaterialortissuebymelting,evaporation,orvaporization.ABSORB:Totransformradiantenergyintoadifferentform,usuallywitharesultantriseintemperature.ABSORBANCE:Theabilityofamediumtoabsorbradiationdependingontemperatureandwavelength.Expressedasthenegativecommonlogarithmofthetransmittance.ABSORPTIONCOEFFICIENT:Theamountofradiantenergyabsorbedperunitorpath-length.ACTIVEMEDIUM:Amediuminwhichlasingwilltakeplace,ratherthanabsorption,atagivenwavelength.AFOCAL:Literally,“withoutafocallength”;anopticalsystemwithitsobjectandimagepointatinfinity.AMPLIFICATION:Thegrowthoftheradiationfieldinthelaserresonatorcavity.Asthelightwavebouncesbackandforthbetweenthecavitymirrors,itisampstimulatedemissiononeachpassthroughtheactivemedium.AMPLITUDE:Themaximumvalueoftheelectromagneticwave,measuredfromthemeantotheextreme;putsimply,theheightofthewave.(Seedrawingunder)ANGLEOFINCIDENCEANGSTROMUNIT:Aunitofmeasurementforawavelengthoflight(written?,equaltoonetenbillionthofameter(10-10meter).Occasionallystillused.ANODE:Anelectricalelementinlaserexcitationwhichattractselectronsfromacathode.Ananodecanbecooleddirectlybywaterorbyradiation.ARCOATINGS:Anti-reflectioncoatings,usedonthebacksoflaseroutputmirrorstosuppressunwantedmultiplereflectionswhichreducepower.AUTOCOLLIMATOR:Asingleinstrumentcombiningthefunctionsofatelescopeandacollimatortodetectsmallangulardisplacementsofamirrorbymeansofitsowncollimatedlight.©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.AXIAL-FLOWLASER:Thesimplestandmostefficientofthegaslasers.Anaxial光学在线：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｐｈｏｔｉｃｓ．ｎｅｔ（光学及相关专业技术网站）光电论坛：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｂｂｓ．ｃｏｍ（中英光电专业技术讨论板）光电资讯网：ｈｔｔｐ：／／ｗｗｗ．ｏｅｃｒ．ｃｏｍ（光电产业及资讯服务网站）flowofgasismaintainedthroughthetubetoreplacethosegasmoleculesdepletedbytheelectricaldischargeusedtoexcitethegasmoleculestothelasingstate.(See.”)AXIS,OPTICALAXIS:Theopticalcenter-lineforalenssystem;thelinepassingthroughthecentersofcurvatureoftheopticalsurfacesofalens.BEAMBENDER:Hardwareassemblyoropticaldevice,suchasamirror,capableofchanginglaserbeamdirection;usedtore-pointthebeamandin“folded,”compactdeliverysystems.BEAMDIAMETER:Thediameterofthatportionofthebeamwhichcontains86%oftheoutputpower.BEAMEXPANDER:Opticaldeviceincreasingbeamdiameterandreducingdivergence.Result:Asmallerfocusedspotformoredistancebetweenlensandpart.BEAMSPLITTING:Opticallysplittingalaserbeamintotwoormorebeams,allowingworkonmorethanonesideofapartatthesametime—butatsomewhatlesspowerthanwithamultiple-outputbeamsystem.BREWSTERWINDOWS:Thetransmissiveend(orbothends)ofthelasertube,madeoftransparentopticalmaterialandsetatBrewster’sangleingaslaserstoachievezeroreflectivelossofverticallypolarizedlight.Non-standardonindustriallasers,butamustifpolarizationisdesired.BRIGHTNESS:Thevisualsensationoftheluminouspowerofalightbeam,asopposedtoscientificallymeasuredpowerofthebeam.CALORIMETER:Aninstrumentwhichmeasurestheheatgeneratedbyabsorptionofthelaserbeam—anotherwaytomeasurelaserpower.CATHODE:Theelementprovidingtheelectronsfortheelectricaldischargeusedtoexcitethelasingmedium.CO2LASER:Alaserlargelyusedinindustryinwhichtheprimarylasingmediumiscarbondioxide.COAXIALGAS:Mostlaserweldingisdonewithashieldofinertgasflowingovertheworksurfacetopreventplasmaoxidationandabsorption,toblowawaydebris,andtocontrolheatreaction.Thegasjethasthesameaxisasthebeamsothetwocanbeaimedtogether.©OECR.comOfferingOptics,Electronics,CommunicationResource.COHERENTLIGHT,COHERENTRADIATION:Radiationcomposedofwavetrainsvibratinginphasewitheachother.Simplyexpressed:parallelraysoflight.COLLIMATEDLIGHT:Divergentlightraysrenderedparallelbymeansofalensorotherdevice,allowingasharpimageoftheobjecttobefocusedatthefocalplaneofthelens.COLLIMATION:Theprocessbywhichdivergentrays(white,ornatural,light)areconvertedintoparallelrays(coherentlight).CONVERGENCE:Thebendingoflightraystowardeachother,asbyapositive(convex)lens.CURRENTSATURATION:Maximumflowofelectricforceinaconductor;inalaser,thepointatwhichfurtherelectricalchargewillnotincreaselasingaction.CW:Thecontinuous-emissionmodeofalaser,asopposedtopulsedoperation.DEPTHOFFIELD:Theworkingrangeofthebeam,afunctionofwavelength,diameteroftheunfocusedbeam,andfocallengthofthelens.Toachieveasmalldiameterspotsize,andthusahighpowerdensity,ashortdepthoffieldmustbeaccepted.DIVERGENCE:Theangleatwhichthelaserbeamspreadsinthefarfield;thebendingofraysawayfromeachother,asbyaconcavelensorconvexmirror.DRIFT,ANGULAR:Allundesirablevariationsinoutput(eitheramplitudeorfrequency);angulardriftofthebeam,measuredinmilliradiansbefore,during,andafterwarm-up.DUTYCYCLE:Thelengthoftimethelaserbeamisactuallycutting,drilling,welding,orheat-treating,ascomparedtotheentireworkcycletime.ELECTRICVECTOR:Theelectricfieldassociatedwithalightwaveandhavingbothdirectionandamplitude.Commonlyrepresentedbyalinewithanarrowhead.ELECTROMAGNETICWAVE:Adisturbancewhichpropagatesoutwardfromanelectricchargewhichoscillatesorisaccelerated.Includesradiowaves;X-rays;gammar