大学英语四级作文讲座

一、我校历年四级考试基本情况介绍：1.四级考试简介2.我校历届考试概述（平均分，通过率，备考措施）3.四级作文简述（目的、题型、意义、历届考试平均得分）4.学练作文的益处二、作文讲座内容安排第一讲:(1)作文存在的障碍和问题(2)词语和句子的运用(3)段落的构成第二讲:(1)四级作文的写作要求(2)四级作文的写作方法(3)作文的连接手段第三讲:(1)作文常用句型(2)四级考试注意事项1)作文存在的障碍和问题语言障碍a.翻译式作文。例:OnbooksTherearevariouskindsofbooks.Bookscantellpeoplemanyknowledges.Historybookstellpeopleaboutthehistoryofhumansociety.Scientificandtechnologicalbooksmakepeopleunderstandtheunknownworldandmakethesocietyprogress.Booksaboutartandliteraturehelpusenjoynatureandpeople.Booksarebeneficialtopeople.Wecanlearnallthingsfrombooks.Byreadingbookswegettoknowthingswedon’tknow.Alsowecanlearnthingswecan’texperiencebyourselves.Actually,booksareourlifelongfriends.However,somebooksareharmful.Booksthattellpeopletodobadthingswillcertainlydogreatharmtous.Especiallyyellowbookswillruintheyoungpeople.Thesebooksarenogood.Sowemustchoosebookstoread.TheFirstDayICametoCollegeIalwaysrememberthedayIcometocollege.ItwasasunnydayandIwasveryexcited.Ihavearrivedatthecollegeintheafternoon.Everythinghadseemedfreshtome.Thecampuswasbeautiful.ThecollegewaslocatedatthefootofaMountainandwassurroundwithtrees.Totheeastofitwecanseeablueriver.b.时态混杂。例:Therearesomanyteachingbuildings.ItwasherethatIwouldstudyforfouryears.IthoughtthatImuststudyhardinordertoliveuptotheexpectationsofmyparentsandfriends.Itistruethattherearemanychallenges,butIwillprovemyselfaworthycollegestudent.ComputerNowadayscomputersarewidelyusedinoursociety.Wecanseecomputerseverywhere.Manypeopleusecomputersinschoolsandcolleges.Wealsousecomputersinoffices,libraries,banksandathome.c.没啥可写。例:FailureIsTheMotherofSuccessBecauseweoftenfail.Nofailurenosuccess.Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowardfailure.Failureisnatural.Ifwearenotafraidoffailure,itwillbecomethemotherofsuccess.Failureisveryimportant.Nopainsnogains.Failurecanleadtosuccess.FakeCommoditiesFakecommoditiesarebadtous.Theynotonlyarebadtoourlife,butalsotoourhealth.Inastore,evenasupermarket,allkindoffakecommoditiesalwayscanbefound.Itisveryharmfultocustomers,societyandeventoacountry.Traveling1)Ithinktravelingisreallygoodtoeveryoneofus.Doyouagreewithme,mydearfriend?2)Doyouliketraveling?Probablyyouwillsay“Yes,Ilikeitverymuch!”That’sright.d.套近乎。例:e.主题模糊。例:TheFirstDayICametoCollege…AsIwasalittletiredfromthejourneytothecollege,Iwenttobedearly.Atmidnight,Isuddenlywokeup.Ifoundthattherewasnogateinthecollege.2)词语和句子的运用(1)作文与词语如何用恰当的英语词语来表达意思，是初习作文者最为头疼的。虽然我们在作文时冥思苦想，但词语老跟人闹别扭。而正是由于词难达意，或想到某个词语却拼写不对，有些同学觉得英语作文的困难，就是词语的困难。甚至竟有词语出不来，情急之下用汉语或拼音来表达某个意思的现象。例如:I’mastudentofHunanUniversity.I’mstudyinginTumuDepartment.Ilikemymajorverymuch.尽管这样做是不得已而为之，但多少反映了英语作文时的窘态。词语的运用过不了关，英语作文的水平就无法提高。作文不同于阅读练习和词汇练习，不仅要有一定词汇量和词语辨析能力，更要求能较熟练和恰当的运用所学过的词语。要能正确和恰当地用词语表达意思，首先必须意识到英语词语和汉语词语并非是一一对应的。试比较两篇中英对照的作文：时间就是生命。常言说：一寸光阴一寸金。的确，钱用完了可以再挣。但时间一去将永不复返。从这一点上说，时间是无价的。我的时间观我们都知道，生命是短促的，时间也是有限的。因此，很多人能够利用一切可利用的时间努力学习和工作。以便在有生之年多做一点力所能及的事。但也有一些人，终日无所事事，胡思乱想，或闲聊着打发日子。到头来，这些人终将追悔莫及。年青人都有自己的理想和抱负。要使理想和抱负变为现实，就必须抓紧时间。为了充分利用时间，最好制定一个可行的时间表。必须做到今日事今日毕。此外，业余时间也可以充分利用。总之，科学地利用时间，必将得到最大的回报。Timemeanslife.AChineseproverbsays,“Oneinchoftimeisaspreciousasoneinchofgold.”Actually,whenmoneyisspent,itcanberegained.Buttimewillnevercomebackwhenitisgone.Inthissense,timeisvalueless.MyViewOnTimeItisgenerallyacknowledgedthatlifeisshortandtimeislimited.Somanypeoplewilltrytomakethebestuseoftheirtimetostudyandwork.Inthiswaytheycanaccomplishasmuchastheywishduringtheirlifetime.Butsomepeoplejustidleawaytheirtimebydaydreamingortalkingnonsense.Surely,itwillbetoolateforthemtorepentwhentheycometoknowthevalueoftime.Youngpeopleshouldhaveidealandambition.Toreachone’sgoal,apersonissupposedtoseizetimeandspendhistimeefficiently.Inordertomakethefulluseoftime,itisadvisabletoworkoutafeasibletimetableforthingstobedone.Onethingtorememberisthatwearenotsupposedtoleavetoday’sworktilltomorrow.Moreover,anawarenessoftheoddsoftimeisalsoimportant.Onthewhole,itpaystospendtimescientifically.只有通过反复实践，不断体会词语的含意和用法，掌握有关英语词语运用的一些基本要求，才能减少失误，并逐步提高表达能力。(2)文体与词语：文体指的是社会交际的需要而产生的不同的语言功能变体。一般来说，文体大致可分为口语体和书面语体。进一步再分为正式文体和非正式文体。因为文体的变化，词汇的使用亦有所不同。对初练写作的人而言，应适当了解正式文体与非正式文体的差异，尤其是词语的区别。试比较两个内容相同，语言却不一样的图书馆的告示：1Thenumberofbooksinthelibraryhasbeengoingdown.Pleasemakesureyouknowtherulesforborrowing,anddon’tforgetthatthelibraryisforeveryone’sconvenience.Sofromnowon,we’regoingtoenforcetherulesstrictly.Youhavebeenwarned.Ithasbeennotedwithconcernthatthestockofbooksinthelibraryhasbeendecliningalarmingly.Studentsarerequestedtoremindthemselvesoftherulesfortheborrowingandreturningofbooks,andtobearinmindtheneedsofotherstudents.Penaltiesforoverduebookswillinthefuturebestrictlyenforced.2如果不管三七二十一乱用一通，作文读来就显得不伦不类。例如：WaterExceptintheariddesert,watercanbefoundeverywhere.Asagreatpartoftheglobeiscoveredwithwater,manypeopletakeitforgrantedthatwaterisinexhaustibleandthereisnoneedtoworryaboutit.However,watershortageisreallyathreattopeople.Inmanydenselypopulatedcitiesandtownspeoplehavetousewatergrudgingly.Somefactoriescannotkeepgoingnormallybecauseofinsufficientsupplyofwater.Droughtsincountrysidearebecomingmoreandmoreserious.Obviously,watershortag