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武汉纺织大学电信杯设计（报告）题目：基于单片机的智能循迹小车院系：电子电气学院专业：电子班级学号：11205学生姓名：马明强2014年05月17日摘要本文论述了基于单片机的智能循迹小车的控制过程。智能循迹是基于自动引导机器人系统，用以实现小车自动识别路线，以及选择正确的路线。智能循迹小车是一个运用传感器、单片机、电机驱动及自动控制等技术来实现按照预先设定的模式下，不受人为管理时能够自动实现循迹导航的高新科技。该技术已经应用于无人驾驶机动车，无人工厂，仓库，服务机器人等多种领域。本设计采用STC89C52单片机作为小车的控制核心；采用TCRT5000红外反射式开关传感器作为小车的循迹模块来识别白色路面中央的黑色引导线，采集信号并将信号转换为能被单片机识别的数字信号；采用驱动芯片L298N构成双H桥控制直流电机，其中软件系统采用C程序，本设计的电路结构简单，容易实现，可靠性高。关键词：单片机；自动循迹；驱动电路AbstractThispaperdiscussestheintelligenttracingelectrictrolleycontrolprocess.Automatictracingisusedtomakethecarindentifyrouteautomatically,andchoosingtherightroute,basedontheautomaticguiderobotsystem.Intelligenttracingelectrictrolleyisanadvancedtechnologytorealizeautomatictracingnavigation.Itisoutofhumanmanagementbutunderthedesignedmodethatuseoftheuseofatransducer,singlechip,motordriveandautomaticcontrol.Thistechnologyhasbeenappliedinunmannedvehicle,unmannedfactory,warehouse,servicerobotandmanyotherfields.DuringthedesignofIntelligenttracingelectrictrolley,STC89C52singleclipisusedasthecontrolcore;atthesametimewithTCRT5000reflectiveinfraredtransducerswitchtoidentifytheblackguidelineatthecentralofthewhiteroad,whichusedasthecartracingmodule,itcangatherthesignalandtransferitintodigitalsignalthatcanberecognizedbysinglechip.AndthedrivingchipL298NconstitutethedoubleHbridgeconstituteofdrivingchipL298Ncancontroldirectcurrentmotor.AmongwhichthesoftwaresystemisusingCprogram.Inanutshell,thedesignofthecircuithastheadvantagesofsimplestructure,easyimplementation,andhighreliability.Keywords：singlechipmicrocomputer;automatictracing;drivingcircuit目录1绪论......................................................................................................................................1.1智能循迹小车概述.....................................................................................................1.1.1循迹小车的发展历程回顾..............................................................................1.1.2智能循迹分类..................................................................................................1.1.3智能循迹小车的应用......................................................................................1.2智能循迹小车研究中的关键技术.............................................................................2智能循迹小车总体设计方案................................................................................................2.1整体设计方案.............................................................................................................2.1.1系统设计步骤..................................................................................................2.1.2系统基本组成..................................................................................................2.2整体控制方案确定.....................................................................................................3系统的硬件设计....................................................................................................................3.1单片机电路的设计.....................................................................................................3.1.1单片机的功能特性描述..................................................................................3.1.2晶振电路..........................................................................................................3.1.3复位电路..........................................................................................................3.2光电传感器模块.........................................................................................................3.2.1传感器分布........................................................................................................3.3电机驱动电路.............................................................................................................3.3.1L298N引脚结构..............................................................................................3.3.2电机驱动原理..................................................................................................3.3.3小车运动逻辑..................................................................................................4系统的软件设计....................................................................................................................4.1软件设计的流程.........................................................................................................4.2本系统的编译器.........................................................................................................5系统的总体调试....................................................................................................................5.1硬件的测试.................................................................................................................5.2系统的软件调试.........................................................................................................结论..........................................................................................................................................致谢..........................................................................................................................................参考文献......