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英语动名词语态时态主动形式被动形式一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone动名词的用法：1.作主语Swimmingisgoodforhealth.Raisingyourhattoaladyisgoodmanners.对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。Beingkilledbysharksintheseaisacommonthing.动名词作主语时，还可以用it作形式主语：Itisnogoodwaitinghere.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。Itisawasteoftimetalkingtohim.注意动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playingwithfireisdangerous.（泛指玩火）Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.（指一具体动作）2.作表语Teachingislearning.教学相长.Myhobbyismakingmodelplanes.Whatworriedthechildmostwasnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital.动名词和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是动名词时，表语也用动名词。Toseeistobelieve.=Seeingisbelieving.注意3.作宾语动名词既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。Wewouldappreciatehearingfromyou.我们会珍惜你的来信。Thebirdescapedbeingcaught.Ifeellikejoiningthearmy.Hewasafraidofbeingabandonedbyus.注意：在admit,advise,avoid,appreciate,allow,consider,delay,enjoy,envy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,forbid,imagine,mind,miss,practise,permit,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,understand,insiston,lookforwardto,objectto,keep（on）等后只接动名词作宾语。注意1.在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。Yourcarneedsfilling.你这车要充气了。Thiscitydeservesvisiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。Theproblemrequiresstudyingcarefully.这个问题需要认真研究。Thetreeswantwatering.这些树需要浇水了。2.在beworth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.Thelectureisworthlisteningto.3.在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾补。如：Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.注意事项动名词可被物主代词、名词所有格修饰，也可用宾格代词或名词代之，但作主语时不能用宾格代词或名词来修饰。如：Doyoumindmy/mestayinghere?Tom’scominglatemademeangry.I’msorryformyson’s/sonhavingbrokenyourvase.2.动名词的一般式有时可代替完成式。如：Irememberseeing/havingseenyou.I’msorryforcoming/havingcomelate.4.作定语Thisisareadingroomforteachers.Heboughtawashingmachinetheotherday.注意：动名词作定语时与所修饰的名词之间无主谓关系，只表示被修饰词的用途,而现在分词作定语时与所修饰的名词之间有主谓关系。如：sleepingpills(=pillsforsleeping=pillswhichareusedforsleeping)awalkingstick(=astickforwalking=astickwhichisusedforwalking)比较：aburningstick(=astickwhichisburning)1.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMr.Turner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalledPractice___2.Doyoumind___aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft___3.______themeetinghimselfgavethemagreatdealofencouragement.A.ThepresidentwillattendB.ThepresidenttoattendC.ThepresidentattendedD.Thepresident’sattending___4.Victorapologizedfor___toinformmeofthechangeintheplan.(2004春季上海)A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeableC.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable___5.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto____.(2003上海)A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught___6.---WhatmadeBillsoangry?---___.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:30,butshehasn’tcomeyet.A.HavingkeptwaitingB.BeingkeptwaitingC.BekeptwaitingD.Beingkeptwaited___7.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch___8.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded___巩固练习：1.IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailed___2.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_____A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff___3.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recalling___4.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?A.totakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetaking___5.—Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.—That’allright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknow___6.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone___7.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,___constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flying___8.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—___hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing___9.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyouremember___thestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetold___10.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand___them.A.correctB.CorrectingC.correctsD.tocorrect___11.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he’dliketocollectcoinaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure___12.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.（2008江西卷）A.topromoteB.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromotedD.tobepromoted___13.Atthebeginningofclass,thenoiseofdesks_______couldbeheardoutsidetheclassroom.（07全国卷II）A.openedandclosedB.tobeopenedandclosedC.beingopenedandclosedD.toopenandclose___14.____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(2002上海)A.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed___