蔬菜中农药残留的检测

河南质量工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）蔬菜中农药残留的检测系别：食品与化工系专业：农产品质量检测班级：13级农检班学生姓名：南彦婷指导教师：徐明磊完成日期：2016-1-23河南质量工程职业学院毕业设计（论文）设计书班级13级农检学生姓名南燕婷指导教师徐明磊设计（论文）题目蔬菜中农药残留的检测主要研究内容蔬菜中农药残留的检测太简单了，再多写点主要技术指标或研究目标1.近红外光谱分析：2.气相微萃取—气相色谱和质谱联用法：3.高效液相色谱法：4.原子荧光测定法。不符合，紧扣文章重写基本要求1.学会查阅文献资料；2.能够按期完成毕业设计任务；3.掌握基本文字排版、图表制作等技能。4.掌握书写论文的基本要求，能独立完成论文写作；主要参考资料及文献[1]邓小银.罗定蔬菜农药残留速测技术应用现状及发展对策[J].广东农业科学,2009(6):187-188,214.[2]王亚飞.农药残留速测技术研究进展[J].世界农药,2009,31(1):42-44.[3]杨慧,王富华.我国蔬菜农药残留速测技术的应用与发展[J].农业环境与发展,2008,25(5):67-72.目录摘要·········································································································11前言·······································································································22农药残留及农药残留的危害····································································22.1农药残留·····························································································22.2农药残留的的危害···············································································23.蔬菜农药残留检验的方法和目的·····························································33.1蔬菜检验样品取样···············································································33.1.1抽样方法···························································································33.1.2抽样填表···························································································33.1.3贮存·································································································33.2蔬菜农药残留样品前处理方法······························································33.3蔬菜农药残留检测原理········································································43.4蔬菜农药残留快速检测技术··································································43.4.1样品检测试剂用量·············································································43.4.2样品检测技术方法·············································································43.5蔬菜农药残留检验的目的·····································································54.日常生活过程中的减少农药残留·····························································54.1阳光分解·····························································································54.2置放氧气·····························································································54.3盐水浸泡·····························································································55蔬菜农药残留的相关标准······································································.55..1农药残留限量值··················································································55.2限制使用的农药···················································································66.总结······································································································6参考文献··································································································8致谢·········································································································9蔬菜中农药残留的检测1摘要20世纪50年代以来,化学合成农药在全世界的广泛应用,无疑在防治病虫害、铲除杂草、增加农业产量方面发挥了举足轻重的作用,对人类社会进步和生产力发展起到了巨大的促进和推动作用。但是农药是一类有毒化学物质,而且是人们主动投放到环境中的,长期大量使用,对环境生物安全和人体健康产生了较大的不利影响。近年来因农药污染造成人和牲畜中毒的事件屡见报道,特别是蔬菜、水果类食品的中毒。目前,农药已成为世界上主要的污染源之一,与此同时蔬菜农药残留已经严重危害人身体健康。因此，必须通过严格管理和加大检测力度等措施来彻底解决。农药残留分析是对复杂混合物中痕量农药的母体化合物、有毒代谢物、降解产物和农药杂质进行的分析,是一种需要精细的微量操作手段和高灵敏度的痕量检测技术。关键词：蔬菜；农药残留；检测方法；质量标准摘要着重叙述论文有那些内容，结论蔬菜中农药残留的检测21前言农产品质量安全是一件涉及千家万户、关系国计民生的大事。人们对农产品农药残留问题已越来越重视,各级政府对农产品生产与流通领域中的监管措施也在不断的强化与加大。快速、准确地检测农产品农药残留,有利于防止农药残留,不断强化对上市蔬菜、水果等农产品质量的检测力度,并通过引进农药残留速测技术,利用农药残留快速检测仪,对各大超市、蔬菜水果批发市场、农贸市场蔬菜生产基地的蔬菜农药残留情况定期开展抽样检测,为有效防止“毒菜”进入市场,净化百姓餐桌做出贡献。多年来,我县农业检测中心通过引进农药残留速测技术，农药残留检测仪CNY-858B型，是据国家标准《GB5009.199-2003》和农业部《NY/T448-2001》标准的技术要求来设计。可对果蔬中有机磷和氨基甲酸酯类农药的含量进行快速准确的检测。该仪器可广泛应用于各级政府蔬菜检测中心、农业、工商、集贸市场、超市、环保、蔬菜种植基地、饭饭店等单位对果蔬中农药残留的快速测定。广泛应用于农产品农药残留取得了良好的效果和可观的社会效益。实践充分说明农药残留速测技术值得普遍应用与推广。与此同时，蔬菜作为日常生活的主要食品，其农药残留、重金属污染等质量安全，直接关系到人民群众的身体健康及生命安全，甚至危及子孙后代。以蔬菜农残为主的农产品质量问题的综合治理势在必行，将对确保人民群众身体健康、促进农产品增值，市场流通，农业的发展都具有重要意义。2农药残留及农药残留的危害2.1农药残留农药残留是农药使用后一个时期内没有被分解而残留与生物体、收获物、土壤、水源，大气中的微量农药原体，有毒代谢产物，降解物和杂质的总称。农药残留问题是随着农药大量生产和广泛使用而产生的。目前世界上化学农药年产量近200万t，约有1000多种人工合成化合物被用作杀虫剂、杀藻剂、除虫剂、落叶剂等类农药。有些农药在较短时间内可以通过生物降解成为无害物质，而包括DDT在内的有机氯类农药难以降解，则成为残留性强的农药。2.2农药残留的危害农药进入粮食、蔬菜、水果、鱼、虾、肉、蛋、奶中，造成食物污染，危害人的健康，一般有机氯农药在人体的代谢速度很慢，时间积累长。有机氯在人体内残留主要集蔬菜中农药残留的检测3中在脂肪中。如DDT在人的血液、大脑、肝的脂肪组织中，含量比例为14：300:30.对食物使用了农药残留超标的食物之后，会直接危及人体的神经系统和肝、肾等重要器官。有的人农药中毒后出现严重头晕、头痛、腹痛、视觉模糊等症状，重重毒者还会出现胸有挤压感、肌肉颤抖等，严重者可出现脉搏、呼吸加快，甚至昏迷症状。最新研究表明，农药残留长期作用于人体，还有可能导致基因突变。由于农药残留对人和生物很大，我国对农药的施用进行了严格的管理，对食物中农药残留允许量作了规定，并对农药残留实行严格的检测。3蔬菜农药残留检验的方法和目的3.1蔬菜检验样品取样3.1.1抽样方法根据蔬菜农药残留检测抽样规范，取样采取随机抽样法。人员两人以上，采取对角线法、棋盘式法、蛇形法进行抽样。抽取每种蔬菜1.5kg,取得每一个样在封存前，将样品的抽样单放到里面，粘贴好封条，表明封样时间，封条由双方代表共同签字。在市场进行抽样的同一种蔬菜在同一堆上取。3.1.2抽样填表抽样人员要与备件抽样单位代表共同确认样本的真实性和代表性，抽样完成后要现场填写抽样单，抽样单一式三份，由抽样人员和被检单位代表共同签字或加盖公章，一份交被检单为，一份随样品，一份由抽样人员带回。3.1.3贮存抽取的样本当天进行检验，当天检验不完的，放入冷藏箱中，次日检测完。3.2蔬菜农药残留样品前处理方法该实验仪器有八个通道，一次性可检测八个样品。在做实验之前准备好八个小烧杯。进行样品处理。样品处理一般是逐个依次进行。将样品分段处理，一般是取表面干净的蔬菜或瓜果中间宽为一厘米的一小段，叶菜取叶片部分，瓜果取表皮带肉。但有时为了检测的均匀性，取靠根的宽为一厘米的一段和菜尖的宽为一厘米的一段，然后将这些小段剪成一厘米长见方大小，采用对角线分割法，取对角部分，用天平准确称取1g，放入小