joseph-conrad-ppt

JosephConrad约瑟夫·康拉德oneofthegreatestnovelistsintheEnglishlanguageJosephConrad(1857-1924)BriefintroductionTheLagoonHisthreekindsoffictionaPolish-bornEnglishnovelistashort-storywriteranadventurerHisLifeIn1861hisfatherwasarrested.In1865hismotherdied.Hisfatherdiedfouryearslater.Conradorphanedattheageofelevenandwasplacedinthecareofhismaternaluncle.TheFamilyLifeandCareerConradwasborninPoland(thenunderRussianrule)Conradwasthoroughlyboredwithlifeasastudent.Attheageof17,herealizedhislong-cherisheddream,whichhebeganhisservicewiththeFrenchmerchantmarine.In1878,ConradjoinedtheBritishmerchantservicethoughheknewverylittleEnglishatthetime.Withintenyears,ConradrosetotherankofcaptainandmasteredtheEnglishlanguage.LifeandCareerIn1890,ConradtookasteamboatuptheCongoRiverintotheheartofAfrica.Thisnightmarishadventure,whichlaterfounditswayintoHeartofDarkness.Conradbeganhisliterarycareerbywritingshortstories.Afterhegotmarriedin1896,ConradsettleddowninLondon.Sincethen,hehaddevotedhimselftonovelwriting.Inhissecondperiodofcreation,hewroteseveralnovels,dealingwithsocialandpoliticalsubjects.Inhis20yearsofliterarycreation,Conradwrote31novels,severalcollectionsofshortstories,andquiteanumberofessays.PointsofViewPessimisticideasConradwaslivinginanageofimperialistexpansionandcolonization,sowhathecouldseewasonlyanavaricious,predatoryandalmostpsycho-patheticworld.MoralOutlookConradwasprimarilyconcernedwithmoralideasinhiswriting.Fidelity,solidarity,dutycourage,hardworkandself-disciplinewerehighvirtuesofhismoralcode.PointsofViewPoliticalAttitudeHispoliticalattitudewasratherconservative.Hefirmlyopposedtothepracticeofconqueringkillingandenslavingofthenativepeoplesbythecolonialists.ArtisticViewHeclaims:Theartist,likethethinkerorthescientist,seeksthetruthandmakeshisappeal.Hefurtherclaimsthatallartappealsprimarilytothesenses,andthattheartisticaimofliteraturemustmakeitsappealthroughthesenses.Hisartisticviewisalsoinfluencedbyimpressionism.Thereisnomorality,noknowledgeandnohope;thereisonlytheconsciousnessofourselveswhichdrivesusaboutaworldthat...isalwaysbutavainandfloatingappearance....Amoment,atwinklingofaneyeandnothingremains—butaclotofmud,ofcoldmud,ofdeadmudcastintoblackspace,rollingaroundanextinguishedsun.Nothing.Neitherthought,norsound,norsoul.Nothing.—JosephConradFeaturesofHisWritingsHewrotestoriesandnovels,predominantlywithanauticalorseaboardsetting,thatdepicttrialsofthehumanspiritbythedemandsofdutyandhonor.WhilesomeofhisworkshaveastrainofRomanticism,heisviewedasaprecursorofModernismliterature.Hisnarrativestyleandanti-heroiccharactershaveinfluencedmanyauthors.Hisshortstoriesandnovelsreflectaspectsofaworldwideempirewhilealsoplumbthedepthsofthehumansoul.ArtisticFeaturesInordertorevealtheinnertruthoflifeandtopresentaprogressionofmoralunderstandingofhumannature,ConradandFordMadoxFordlaboredincollaborationtoworkoutawholenewsetofnarrativetechniques.ArtisticfeaturesTheuseofanarratorHeinventedanintermediatenarrator,Marlow,totellthestoryinanumberofhisnovels.Throughhimtheauthorcanreachdowntothesecretspringsofhischaracters’emotionsandmoralizehisideasfreelywithoutruiningthenarrativeeffectofobjectivity,butonefataldefectofhisintermediatenarratoristhathetalkstoomuchandsometimesinthewrongway.ThemultiplepointsofviewHehasrealizedthefactthatmanhasverycomplexpersonalities.Therefore,toobtainpsychologicalanswerstoman’sactions,hepresentshisstoryfrommanyviewpoints,thusleavingthereadertohisownjudgment.ArtisticfeaturesTimeshiftsConradhasshownadispositionofintroducinghisherointofictionbypresentingastrongimpressionfirstsoastocatchthereader’sattention,thehewouldworkbackwardoverhispastbeforegoingonwiththeprogressionofthestorytoitsclimax.TimeshiftisanotherdeviceexperimentedbyConrad.HisStyleConradhasbecomeagreatprosemasterofhisadoptedlanguage-English.Inafigurativelanguage—similesandmetaphorsAlushanddensestylewithpilesofsharpimagesApoeticqualityHisStyleConradisalsoaforerunnerofthemodernEnglishnovelistsinhiscarefulcreationofsymbolicalsignificance.Hemakesextensiveuseofsymbolsinhisfiction.Conradisalsooneofthemodernistpioneers.Hismodernitylieslargelyinhistragicawarenessofman’sdisillusionment,isolation,andsufferinginanalienatedandcorruptedworldofcivilization.HisMajorWorksAlmayer'sFolly(1895)AnOutcastoftheIslands(1896)TheNiggerofthe'Narcissus'(《水仙号上的黑家伙》1897)LordJim(《吉姆老爷》1900)HeartofDarkness(《黑暗的心》1902后来被改编成电影《现代启示录》)Nostromo(《诺斯特罗莫》1904)TheInheritors(withFordMadoxFord)(1901)Typhoon(1902,begun1899)Romance(withFordMadoxFord,TheSecretAgent(1907)UnderWesternEyes(1911)Chance(1913)Victory(1915)TheShadowLine(1917)TheArrowofGold(1919)TheRescue(1920)TheNatureofaCrime(1923,withFordMadoxFord)TheRover(1923)AnOutpostofProgress(1906)TheSecretSharer(1910)•SeaFictionHeisverygoodatwritingoceanadventurenovelsandhehasphilosophicalthinkingforsomesimplemoralconcept.康拉德对人之为人的某些“简单的”道德观念的富有哲理的思考。•JungleFictionThroughthedescriptionoftheconflictbetweenWesterncivilizationandindigenouscivilization,heanalyzestheimmoralissuesbehindthewesterncivilization.通过