D.H.Lawrence-劳伦斯作家介绍

荒原意识(wastelandconsciousness)在20世纪英美文学中的反映:dehumanization丧失人性;+alienation异化,疏远+disillusionment幻灭+disintegrationoflife生活解体D.H.Lawrence(1885-1930)D.H.Lawrence(1885-1930)LawrenceisoneofthegreatestEnglishnovelistsofthe20thcentury,thegreatestfromaworking-classfamily.Novelist+poet+playwright1.Socialcriticism:dehumanization（丧失人性）2.Psychologicalexploration1)Humansexuality（性欲）2)OedipusComplex(恋母情节)LawrenceMajorWorksSonsandLovers(Autobiographicalnovel)TheRainbow;WomeninLove(Thetwonovelsarehismasterpiece)TheRainbowisastoryaboutthethreegenerationsoftheBrangwenfamilyontheMarshfarm.WomeninLoveisanovelabouttwopairsoflovers,aroundwhomaseriesofepisodesaredramaticallypresented.ViewpointsinLawrence’swritings1）Socialcriticism:dehumanizationLawrencehasexpressedastrongreactionagainstthemechanicalcivilization.Inhisopinion,thebourgeoisindustrialrevolution,whichmadeitsrealizationatthecostofravishingtheland,hadstartedthecatastrophicuprootingofmanfromnature.ViewpointsinLawrence’swritingsUnderthismechanicalcontrol,humanbeingswereturnedintoinanimatedmatter,whiletheinanimatedmattershouldbeanimatedtodestroybothmanandearth.Itisthisagonized（痛苦的）concernaboutthedehumanizingeffectofmechanicalcivilizationonthesensualtendernessofhumannaturethathauntsLawrence’swriting.ViewpointsinLawrence’swritings2)Psychologicalanalysis:sexualimpulseLawrencewasoneofthefirstnoveliststointroducethemesofpsychologyintohisworks.Hebelievesthatthehealthywayoftheindividual’spsychologicaldevelopmentlayintheprimaryofthelifeimpulse,orinanotherterm,thesexualimpulse.Humansexuality（性欲）wasasymbolofLifeForce.ViewpointsinLawrence’swritingsBypresentingthepsychologicalexperienceofindividualhumanlifeandhumanrelationships,Lawrencehasopenedupawideterritorytothenovel(hisliterarycontribution).Lawrencedeclaredthatanyrepressionofthesexualimpulsebasedonsocial,religious,ormoralvaluesofthecivilizedworldwouldcauseseveredamagestotheharmonyofhumanrelationshipsandthepsychichealthoftheindividual’spersonality.Hisartisticfeatures1.Lawrence’sartistictendencyismainlyrealism,whichcombinesdramaticsceneswithanauthoritativecommentary.Hisartisticfeatures2.Withtheworking-classsimplicityanddirectness,Lawrencecansummonupallthephysicalattributes（属性）associatedwiththecommondailyobjects.Hisartisticfeatures3.Inpresentingthepsychologicalaspectsofhischaracters,Lawrencemakesuseofpoeticimaginationandsymbolisminhiswriting.4.Lawrenceendowsthetraditionalrealismwithafreshpsychologicalmeaning.Lawrence’sPoetryLawrenceisalsoproficientpoet.Hispoemsfallroughintothreecategories—a)satiricalandcomicpoems;b)poemsabouthumanrelationshipsandemotions;c)poemsaboutnature.Lawrence’sPlayLawrencewasanimportantplaywrightwhowrotethreeplaysknownas“theLawrencetrilogy(三部剧)”.Freud'sanalyticalpsychologyalteredourconceptionofhumannature.ThetheoryoftheFreudian1.(libido=sexualdesire/unconsciousness/forceoflife/sexualimpulse)2.Id(本能冲动),ego（自我意识）,super-ego（超我意识）3.OedipusComplex（恋母情节）ExercisesRelatedtoD.H.Lawrence1.Themajorconcernof______fictionliesinthetracingofthepsychologicaldevelopmentofhischaractersandinhisenergeticcriticismofthedehumanizingeffectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.A.D.H.Lawrence'sB.J.Galsworthy'sC.W.Thackeray’sD.T.Hardy’sAThemajorconcernofD.H.Lawrence'sfictionliesinthetracingofthepsychologicaldevelopmentofhischaractersandinhisenergeticcriticismofthedehumanizingeffectofthecapitalistindustrializationonhumannature.AnalysisofSonsandLovers1.Story2.Themes3.CharacterizationofPaul1.StorySonsandLoversislargelyanautobiographicalnoveltoldbymeansofstraightforwardnarrativeandvividepisodesinchronologicalsequence.WalterMorel,aminer,hasmarrieda“womanofcharacterandrefinement（文雅）”whoturnshermarriageintoabattle.Mrs.Morelrejectsherhusbandandconcentratesallherloveonherchildren,especiallyhersecondsonPaul.ShestruggleswithpovertyandisdeterminedtokeepPaulfromthecoalmine.Theboydoeswellinhisstudiesandgetsajobasaclerk.Whenheisseriouslyill,themothernurseshimbacktohealth,thusdeepeningthelovebetweenthemotherandtheson.ButassoonastheboyfallsinlovewithMiriam,afarmer’sdaughter,conflictingemerge.Mrs.Morelisjealousandafraidthatthesoulfulgirlwill“suck”hersonup,withnothingleftforher.Paulistornbetweenthetwolovers.DisappointedbyMiriam’slackofphysicalpassion,hestartshavinganaffairwithClara;amarriedwomanwholivesseparatedfromherhusband.Mrs.Morelsuffersfromaterminaldisease(dying).Paulthencastsoffhismistressandattendstohisdyingmother.Itisonlyaftermother’sdeaththathefeelsfree.Resistingtheurgetofollowhismotherintodarkness,hewalkstowardslife.2.Themes1)ItistakenasatypicalexampleandlivelymanifestationofOedipusComplexinfiction,astheresultofLawrence’slong-rangestudyofpsychoanalysistheoriesofSigmundFreud.Butthethemeofthenovelisusuallysaidtoconcerntheeffectofmaternalloveonthedevelopmentofason.2.Themes2)Dehumanizationcausedbyindustrialization.Anothersocialdisastercausedbyindustrializationisthatthespirituallove(e.g.withMiriam)cannotbeintegratedwiththephysicallove(e.g.withClara)3.CharacterizationofPaulPaul’spsychologicaldevelopmentistracedwithgreatsubtlety,espec