2009年10月27日,美国商务部长骆家辉在广州香格里拉酒店举行的珠江三角洲创新与知识产权国际论坛上发表主题演说,以下是讲话全文。Goodmorning.早上好。ThankyouAmbassadorHuntsman.谢谢洪大使。Thisyearmarksthe60thAnniversaryofthePeople'sRepublicofChina.Inthelastfewdecades,hundredsofmillionsofChinesehavejoinedtheglobalmiddleclassasChinahasbecomeadestinationforcapital,forideasandforinnovation.今年是中华人民共和国成立60周年。在过去几十年里,随着中国成为吸引资本、创意和创新的热土,数亿中国人已加入全球中产阶层的行列。AndoneofthebestillustrationsofthistransformationisChina'sburgeoningtraderelationshipwiththeUnitedStates.Weareoneanother'ssecond-biggesttradingpartners.Inthepast20years,U.S.exportstoChinahaveincreasedbyafactorof12;whileU.S.importsfromChinahaveincreasedalmost30-fold.ThepaceofchangerighthereinGuangdongProvinceisamoststrikingillustrationofthis.而最能体现这种转变的事情之一,就是中国与美国之间迅速发展的贸易关系。我们各自都是对方的第二大贸易伙伴。在过去20年里,美国对中国的出口增加了12倍,而美国从中国的进口则增加了近30倍。这种变化的步伐在广东省这里体现得尤其显著。Thirtyyearsago,Vice-PremierDengXiaopingchoseasmallfishingvillagenotfarfromhereasChina'sfirstSpecialEconomicZone.Today,thatvillagemakesupShenzhen,whichboastsapopulationof14millionpeopleandisoneofChina'smostdynamiccities.三十年前,邓小平副总理选择离此不远的一个小渔村作为中国首个经济特区。今天,那个的渔村已经变成了深圳,一个拥有1400万人口、中国最具活力的城市之一。ThePearlRiverDeltaisnowathrivingexampleofmarketprinciplesatwork.Therearemorethan100,000factoriesthatmakeeverytypeofproductimaginable–fromiPhonesandflatscreenTVstocellphonesandhighfashionapparel.今天的珠三角是市场原则发挥作用的一个繁荣例子。这里有十几万家工厂,生产你能想象得到的各种产品,从iPhone、平板电视、手机、到高档服装。ButwealsoknowthattheChineseeconomyisincreasinglymovinguptheglobaleconomicvaluechain,wheregrowthiscreatednotjustbythepowerofacountry'sindustrialmight,butalsobythepoweroftheirideasandtheirinventions.ThenextcriticalstepisforChinatodevelopmorehomegrownentrepreneursthatsellhigh-valueandhigh-techproductshereinChinaandaroundtheworld.但我们也知道,在全球经济价值链中,中国正日益向高端转移,而在高端,增长不仅要靠一个国家的工业实力,还要靠他们的创意和发明来推动。对中国来说,下一步的关键是培养更多能在中国和世界各地销售高附加值和高科技产品的本土企业家。IfChina,andinparticularGuangdongProvince,isgoingtomakethistransition,itwillhavetocreateasystemoflawsandaregulatoryinfrastructurethatrewardsandprotectsthosewhotakeriskstodevelopnewinnovations.Andacornerstoneofthateffortmustbearigorouslyenforcedintellectualpropertyregime.Ifinnovatorsfearthattheirinventionsorideaswillbestolen,thenoneoftwothingswillhappen–they'lleitherstopinventing,orthey'lldecidetocreatetheirinventionselsewhere.HereinGuangdongProvince,thisissueisparticularlyrelevant.Lastyear,firmsbasedinGuangdongProvinceobtainedmorepatentsthanfirmsbasedinanyothersingleChineseprovince.GuangdongProvincehasthepotentialtobeChina'sepicenterofinnovation.Andthestrongerintellectualpropertylawsandenforcementare,thegreatertheincentivefordomesticandforeigninnovatorstocreatetheirproductsrighthere.如果中国,尤其是广东省,要实现这种转型,就必须建立一套为那些冒着风险开发新创意的人提供奖励和保护的法律法规体系。而这方面工作的基石,是对知识产权制度的严格执行。如果创新者担心他们的发明或创意会被人盗用,就只会发生两种情况要么他们会停止发明创造,要么他们会决定去其它地方实现自己的发明创造。在广东省这里,这个问题尤其重要。去年,广东的企业获得的专利数比任何其它省的企业都要多。广东具有成为中国创新中心的潜力,而知识产权法律及其执法越有力,国内及外国的创新者在这里研发自己产品的动力就越强。Inthepastfewyears,ChinahastakenseveralstepstoprotecttheIPofAmericanandotherforeigncompaniesoperatingwithinitsborders.Forexample:•TheGuangdongIntellectualPropertyOfficesettled198ofthe199patent-relatedcomplaintsitreceived.•Therewerenearly2,500trademarkinfringementcasesofoverseasrightsholdersinChinalastyear,a35percentincreaseover2007.过去几年里,中国采取了若干措施来保护在中国境内经营的美国及其它外国公司的知识产权。例如•广东省知识产权局受理了199宗与专利有关的投诉,解决了其中的198宗。•去年,中国受理了近2500宗涉及海外所有权人的商标侵权案件,比2007年增加了百分之三十五。Butdespitethesesteps,Americancompaniesinfieldsasdiverseastechnology,entertainmentandpharmaceuticalsstilllosebillionseveryyearinChinafromintellectualpropertytheft.但尽管如此,在从科技、娱乐到制药等广泛领域,美国公司仍然每年在中国由于知识产权被盗用而遭受数以十亿美元计的损失。Inshort,muchmoreneedstobedone.StronglywordedIPlawsareonlyasvaluableasthecivilandcriminalpenaltiespeoplefaceforbreakingthem–andChina'senforcementofIPlawsisoftenuneven.Forexample,theU.S.governmenthasreceivedreportsofoccasionalaggressiveintellectualpropertylawenforcementinShenzhen,whilereceivingconsistentreportsofverylaxenforcementelsewhere,including,unfortunately,righthereinGuangdong.Forthisreason,theU.S.DepartmentofCommerceaswellasotherarmsofourgovernmentseekstoexpandourworkwithourChinesecounterpartsonenforcementefforts.简而言之,需要做的事情还很多。措词严厉的知识产权法律,只有通过人们在违法后所面临的民事和刑事惩罚的严厉程度才能体现出来。而中国知识产权法律的执法道路并不平坦。例如,美国政府很高兴曾经收到过关于深圳在知识产权方面积极执法的报告,同时也很遗憾地经常收到关于其它地方,如广东,执法非常松懈的报告。正因为如此,美国商务部及美国其它政府部门希望扩大我们与中国在执法方面的相应部门之间的合作。TheUnitedStatesandChinahavealreadytakenaseriesofstepstorampupawarenessandpromotionofintellectualpropertyprotection.•Inthepast12months,theUnitedStatesPatentandTrademarkOfficesignedthreeMemorandumsofUnderstandingwithitsChinesecounterpartstoenhancecooperationonintellectualpropertyissues.•LastDecember,PTOofficialsstationedinGuangzhouparticipatedwithChinaCustomsofficialsfromGuangdongProvinceinatrainingprogramonhowtoidentifycounterfeitgoods.•AndinApril,PTOGuangzhouandtheStateIntellectualPropertyOfficejointlyorganizedaprogramonpatentfilingandenforcementinShenzhen.美国和中国已经采取了一系列措施来提高知识产权意识,推动对知识产权的保护。•过去12个月里,美国专利商标局与中国方面签订了三份关于加强知识产权合作的备忘录。•去年12月,美国专利商标局驻广州的官员与广东省的海关官员合作举办了一个关于如何鉴别假冒商品的培训。•今年4月,