法律常用术语分类中英对照

法律常用术语【（一）、法令】rule条例law法律criminallaw刑法interpret解释（法律）thelegislature立法机构thelegalsystem/thejudicialsystem/courtsystem法律体系【(二)、主体】thejudge法官thelawyer律师（总称）thejury陪审团thejuror陪审团成员theprosecutor（刑事案件）原告人；检察官，公诉人；theplaintiff(民事案件)原告人theinjuredparty/victim被害人witness/eyewitness见证人，目击者theprosecution原告及其代理律师；代表原告的律师theaccused/defendant被告人thedefenselawyer/counselor被告辩护律师【（三）、违法】【案件种类】case案件crime-criminaladj.acriminalcase刑事案件acivilcase民事案件【行为/罪名--criminalbehavior】guiltn.[Antonym]innocenceguiltyadj.[Antonym]innocentguiltyofacrime/chargeinnocentofacrime/chargecommitacrimeviolateacriminallawmurder谋杀罪first-degreemurder(deliberately)一级谋杀罪；故意杀人罪manslaughter(notintentionally)一般杀人罪；过失杀人罪forgery伪造罪sexualharassment性骚扰malfeasance渎职罪criminal:n.罪犯aconvictedcriminal：onewhohasbeenjudgedguiltyinacourtoflawahardenedcriminal：someonewhohascommittedmanycrimesstabv.用刀具行凶，捅，刺tokillorhurtsomeonebypushingaknifeorothersharpobjectintotheirbodystabsomeonetodeath刺死flickknife/switchblade/knife弹簧刀mugv.=rob抢劫toattacksomeoneinapublicplaceandstealtheirmoney,jewellery,orotherpossessions【（四）、程序】【逮捕】arrestpickup：toarrestsomeoneandtakethemawayinacar【调查】investigationconductacriminalinvestigationintocriminalproceedings：theprocessofexaminingacrimeinacourtoflawcross-examination【诉讼】findsomeoneguilty/notguiltyofsomething:officiallydecidethattheyareguilty/notguiltytobechargedwith/tobeaccusedoftoaccusesb.ofcertaincrimechargev.tochargesb.withcertaincrimebechargedwith(doing)sthe.g.Theyarethejuryforthetrialofaboychargedwithmurderinghisfather.prosecute-prosecutionn.toprosecutesb.forsth.faceprosecutionovertobringaprosecutionagainstsb.对…提起诉讼escapeprosecutioncriminalcharges：officialstatementssayingthatsbisaccusedbythepoliceofcommittingacrimeclaimv.tosaythatsomeone’sactionsarethecauseofsomething【法庭种类】acriminalcourt刑事法庭,e.g.Thesceneisajuryroominacriminalcourt.acivilcourt民事法庭children’scourt少年法庭TheSupremeCourt最高法院【监督】supervise监督【作证】totestifyv.作证tomakeastatementaboutsomethingyousaw,know,orexperienced,usuallyinacourtoflawtestifyfor/againstsomeonetestimony证词proofdefiniteproofprovidetheproofpresenttheproofevidence证据，证物toidentify鉴别flimsyadj.notveryreliableflimsyevidenceaccurateadj.correctortrueineverydetailunshakableadj.不可动摇的self-contradiction自相矛盾alibin.不在场的证据someonewhohasanalibicanprovethattheyweresomewhereelsewhenacrimewascommittedandsocanclaimtobenotguilty【庭审】questionv.question/suspectsb’smotive【辩护】todefendsb为…辩护torefute反驳--refutableadj.--refutationn.【陪审团讨论】thejury陪审团agrandjury大陪审团thejuror陪审团成员thejuryroom陪审室discuss-discussion讨论proposal提议vote投票abstainv.弃权votefor/infavorof/againsttakeapreliminaryvotee.g.Ithinkit’scustomarytotakeapreliminaryvoteanalyze分析assumev.假定ballotn.无记名投票toarguewith争论agreement一致意见disagreement反对意见areasonabledoubttohangthejury:tomakethejuryunabletoreachaunanimousdecisiondeclareahungjuryreachaunanimousdecisionbedeemedinnocent/guilty被认为无罪/有罪proveinnocent/guilty被证明无罪/有罪【审判】guilty/notguilty(innocent)trial/thejurytrial审判afairtrialsetfree/acquitted无罪释放admitv.agreethatsomethingistrue承认pleadguiltytosomething:saythatyouareguiltye.g.Hepleadedguiltytoallcharges.【（五）、处罚--punishment】【场所】reformschool感化院,jail/prisonn.监狱【方式】jailv.toputsomeoneinjailtobeinjailjailsomeoneforsomethinggo/besenttojailtoserveajailtermbeexecutedtheexecutionertopulltheswitchtosendsb.tothechair=sendsomeonetotheelectricchair/tosentencesb.tobeelectrocuted电刑tosentencesb.todeathgivethesentence施刑getoutofjail【其他】havetherighttodo有权onbehalfof代表draft法案，草案Governmentbill政府议案topassabill,tocarryabill通过议案toenactalaw,topromulgatealaw颁布法律ratification,confirmation批准lawenforcement法律的实施tocomeintoforce生效decree法令clause条款minutes备忘录report判例汇编codification法律汇编legislation立法legislator立法者jurist法学家jurisprudence法学legitimation合法化legality,lawfulness法制，合法legal,lawful合法的,依法的tocontravenealaw,toinfringealaw,tobreakalaw违法outlaw,outsidethelaw超出法律范围的offender罪犯toabolish废止，取消rescission,annulment废除，取消repeal,revocation,annulment废除(法律)cancellation,annulment,invalidation废除(合同)cancellation(支票)作废annulment撤消(遗嘱)repealrescission撤消(判决)revocation撤消immunity豁免，豁免权disability,legalincapacity无资格nonretroactivecharacter不溯既往性prescription剥夺公权attainder公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收constitutionallaw宪法canonlaw教会法规commonlaw习惯法criminallaw刑法administrativelaw行政法civillaw民法commerciallaw,mercantilelaw商法lawofnations万国公法，国际法internationallaw国际法naturallaw自然法labourlaws劳工法fiscallaw财政法CivilSuitLaw,Codeofcivillaw民事诉讼法MilitaryLaw军法ConscriptLaw兵役法CopyrightLaw著作权法penalcode刑法典codeofmercantilelaw商法典civilrights民事权利，公民权利rightofasylum避难权humanrights,rightsofman人权(customs)duties关税deathduty,deathtax遗产税royalties版税