初中直接引语变间接引语讲解与练习

Lesson15课外补充（Sept.12）1直接引语和间接引语概述1.我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种是直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接一般构成宾语从句。Theteacherasked,“DoyoulikeEnglish?”老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）ThegirlsaidthatshelikedEnglishverymuch.这个女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）2.一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如tell,ask,say等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主语部分。Hetoldme,“IamgoingtoChangchuntomorrow.”他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”“Whereareyoufrom?”askedLinda.“你来自哪里？”琳达问。直接引语变间接引语的变化形式1.人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”他说：“我是来帮助你的。”→Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他是来帮助我的。2.时态的变化（1）引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。（2）引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时→一般过去时一般过去时→过去完成时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时（1）含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。（2）若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Lesson15课外补充（Sept.12）2（3）有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。3.时间状语的变化now→thenlastmonth→themonthbeforetoday→thatdaythreedaysago→threedaysbeforetonight→thatnighttomorrow→thenextdaythisweek→thatweeknextmonth→thenextmonthyesterday→thedaybeforethedayaftertomorrow→intwodays4.地点状语的变化here→there5.谓语动词的变化come→go直接引语变为间接引语的情况1.直接引语为陈述句（1）将直接引语变为由that引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后（that可以省略）。例如：Hesaid,“Iforgottocallyouyesterday.”他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”→Hesaid（that）hehadforgottentocallmethedaybefore.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。（2）如果引述动词是saytosb.,则通常改为tellsb.sth.结构。例如：Hesaidtome,“Yourbikeisbroken.”她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”→Hetoldmethatmybikewasbroken.他对我说我的自行车坏了。2.直接引语为一般疑问句直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为say，应改为ask.例如：Maryaskedme,“IsHelenfromtheUnitedStates?”玛丽问我，“凯伦时美国人吗？”→Maryaskedmewhether/ifHelenwasfromtheUnitedStates.玛丽问我海伦是否时美国人。3.直接引语为特殊疑问句直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：Lesson15课外补充（Sept.12）3Johnaskedme,“WheredoesZhouXuncomefrom?”约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”→JohnaskedmewhereZhouXuncamefrom.约翰问我周迅时哪儿的人。4.感叹句----变成由that引导的宾语从句Hesaid“Whatalovelygardenitis!”Heexclaimedthatitwasalovelygarden.5.命令句----变为不定式短语ask/tellsb.todoHesaid,“Openthedoor.”Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.直接引语变间接引语专项练习题一、将所给直接引语变为间接引语，每空一词：1.“Iamhavingsupper,”hesaid.Hesaidthat______________havingsupper.2.“I’veseenthefilm,”Ginasaidtome.Gina_______methatshe______________thefilm.3.“Iwenthomewithmysister,”shesaid.Shesaidthat_____________________homewithhersister.4.Theteachersaid,“Thesunisbiggerthanthemoon.”Theteachersaidthatthesun_______biggerthanthemoon.5.“Imetheryesterday,”hesaidtome.Hetoldmethathe_______methertheday_______.6.“Youmustcomeherebeforefive,”hesaid.HesaidthatI_______togo_______beforefive.7.“Iboughtthecomputertwoweeksago,”shesaid.Shesaidthatshe_______boughtthecomputertwoweeks_______.8.“Didyoureadthebooklastweek?”hesaid.He______________Ihadreadthebooktheweek_______.9.Hesaid,“Youcansithere,Jim.”He_______Jimthathe_______sitthere10.Heasked,“Howdidyoufindit,mother?”Heaskedhermother_____________________foundit.11.“Wherehaveyoubeenthesedays?”heasked.Heaskedme_____________________been_______days.Lesson15课外补充（Sept.12）412“Doyouknowwhereshelives?”heasked.Heasked______________knewwhereshe_______.13.“Keepquiet,children.”hesaid.He_______thechildren______________quiet.14.“Don’tlookoutofthewindow,”shesaid.Shetoldme_____________________outofthewindow.15.“Areyouinterestedinthis?”hesaid.He______________Iwasinterestedin_______.二、将直接引与改为间接引语1．Hesaid,“I’veleftmybookinmyroom.”2．Shesaid,“Hewillbebusy.”3．ShesaidtoTom,“Canyouhelpme?”4．Sheasked,“Isthisbookyoursorhis?”5．Theteacherasked,“howdidyourepairit”6．Theteachersaidtothestudents,“Don’twasteyourtime.”7．Themothersaid,“Tom,getupearly,please.”8．Theteachersaid,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”9．Myfathersaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”10．Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”11．Hesaid,“Wearestillstudents.”12．Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1978.13．Theengineersaid,“Iwasatcollegein1967.”14．Hesaid,“IhavestudiedEnglishsinceIwasaboy.”15．Shesaid,“IreadthebookwhileIwaswaitingforabus.”Lesson15课外补充（Sept.12）5附答案：1．Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom.2．Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.3．SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.4．Sheaskedmewhetherthatbookwasmineorhis.5．TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.6．Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.7．ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly.8．Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.9．Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.10．Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday11．Hesaidtheyarestillstudents.12．Hetoldmethathewasbornin1978.13．Theengineersaidhewasatcollegein1967.14．HesaidhehadstudiedEnglishsincehewasaboy.15．Shesaidshehadreadthebookwhileshewaswaitingforabus.