产品全生命周期基因工程理论框架研究

*JinyongYangJingliangJiangGangLiuSchoolofMechanicalEngineeringShandongUniversityJinan,[e-mail]owthdesigntheoryandsoftwareprototypeDARFADformechanicalproduct,ProductGeneticEngineering(PGE)conceptisintroducedinthispaper,andexpendedtothewholephysicallife-cycleofproducts,especiallytoproductionphase,tohaveestablishedtheconceptofProductLife-CycleGeneticEngineering(PLCGE)andabasicframeworkforPLCGEtheory.Itisproposedthattheproductdevelopmentcanbedividedintotwomainphases:productgenomegenerationandproductgenomegrowthintophysicalform.Intheformerphase,productgenomeoriginatesfromandservesasanextensiontohumangenome,andformsacompletegenomethroughdesignprocessdealingwithlife-cyclefactors.Inthelatterphase,theproductgenomeacquires‘protein’togrowfromitsmotherbody‘factory’,andPLMsystemactsasanumbilicalcordbetweenproductgenomeanditsmotherbody.Finally,PLCGEcaseisstudiedinaMassCustomizationenvironmentforaninitiatoryvalidationofthePLCGEtheory.Keywords:DesignAutomation,PLM,MC,ProductLife-CycleGeneticEngineering.1IntroductionPLMsystemsaregainingacceptanceformanagingallinformationaboutacorporation’sproductsthroughouttheproducts’fulllifecycle.“Foranenterprisetobesuccessfulintoday’sandtomorrow’sglobalmarkets,PLMisnotanoption—itisacompetitivenecessity”[1].CompaniesseePLM’spotentialtovastlyimprovetheirabilitytoinnovate,getproductstomarketfaster,andreduceerrors[2].Someprincipalconcernswerediscussedonthecohesionandtraceabilityofproductdata[3,4]andtheconclusionwasdrawnthatcurrentdatamanagementpracticesdonotprovidesufficientsupportfordatacohesionandtraceability.Creativityandhighefficiencyarestilltheessentialrequirementsforproductdesignwithwideimpactoncurrentdesignresearchandengineeringpractice.Therapidandwideapplicationofcomputermakesthedesigninformationexplodeandalternativeschemesincreasemoreandmorerapidlyduringdesignprocess.Withouttheeffectiveaidofcomputersystem,humandesignerwillbeinbiggertroubleforbestdesignsolutions.Inthemechanicalproductdesignfield,duetocomplicateddesignprocessthereisstillnoeffectivedesigntheoryforproductdesignautomationintrulytop-downstyleandwithoperability,thoughthedevelopmentsinthedesigntheoryandmethodoverpastdecades,suchasAxiomaticDesign[5]andTRIZ[6]etc.,hashelpedresearchersanddesignersindesignresearchandpractice.1Whilsttherehasbeenconsiderableresearchindevelopingcomputationalmodelsofdesigningbasedonhowhumandesign,thereisincreasinginterestinthosebasedonnon-humanprocess.“Evolutionarydesign”isamethodofdesigningasasearchthatisrestrictedinitsapplicationtoroutineorparametricdesigning,theprocessesofsearchmapwellontothoseofoptimization,geneticalgorismsandgeneticprogramming[7],someextensionshavebeenmadetothemdrawnfromanalogieswiththemorerecentlydevelopedareasofgeneticengineeringanddevelopmentalbiology[8].Butthisonlyrevealsasimpleandinterestingphenomenonindesign.Itisfarawayfromthewayorganismsgrow.GeneticEngineeringalsoshowsgreatpotentialforproductionofnewspecies.Gu,etal[9,10]proposedtheconceptof“productgene”forinheritanceandtransferringofproductknowledge.Feng,etal[11]putforwardthe“productgene”conceptforproductconceptualdesign.Buttheydidnotmentionhowarealproductcanbedesignedandrealized.Forcreativityandhighefficiencyindesignautomation,theideaofmakinggooduseofrapidandautomaticgrowthmechanismoforganismsanditspotentialforproductionofnewspecieshasleadtorecentproposalofProductGeneticEngineering(PGE),whichcomparesproduct/artifactdesignwithorganisms[12]andmakesuseofcelldivisionmechanism.Thoughinvirtualproductdesign,concurrentengineeringandproductlife-cycletechnologycanbeutilizedforbetterdesignquality,thereallife-cycleofeachproductincludesmuchmoreinformationandreal-timeinformationthatiscloselyrelatedwithcustomerrequirementsfrommarkets,productioninindustry,andglobalcompetition.TheimportantrelationbetweenProductDesignandProductLife-cycleManagementneedstobeconsideredfurther.Ononehand,productdesigninPGEneedsmoreinformationfromproductlife-cycleforoveralloptimization.Ontheotherhand,productionandenterprisemanagementneedsmoreinnovativealternativesforbetterdecision-making.Inthispaperfactorsfromproductlife-cycleareconsidered,andnewconceptofPLCGEisproposedtoextendPGEtechnologytothewholeproductlife-cycle,especiallytoproductionphase.Therealproductsare‘born’intheir‘motherbody’,thefactory,fromwhichtheproductgenomeacquires‘protein’togrow,andPLMsystemisconsideredasan‘umbilicalcord’betweenproductgenomeanditsmotherbody.TheoreticalPLCGEframeworkasaplatformisestablished.Finally,PLCGEcaseisstudiedinaMassCustomizationenvironmentforaninitiatoryvalidationofthePLCGEtheory.2Conceptof“ProductGenome”Comparingwithorganism,wecancometotheconcepts“productgene”,“productgenome”,and“productgeneticengineering”.2.1GeneanditsmechanismTogetascientificdefinitionofProductGene(PG),firstlyweneedtoinvestigategeneandthemechanismhowgenesfunction.Biologicallyageneisasegmentofacell’sDNA.DNAistheblueprintoflife-itcontainsthecodefortheproteinsthatmakeupanor