检验专业英语-1(20180903)

SpecialEniglishinTechnologyofLaboratoryMedicineObjectiveMethodsResultsObjectiveStudyGraduateObjectiveWorkObjectiveCommunicationBut……Letuslookatthefacts……ENTERorENTRANCE?ENTRYChi-glish2BUltrasonic戴维斯医学中心的指示牌关于Chinglish与Subchinglish概念/定义受中文句式的束缚，用汉语思维造出来的虽符合英语文法，但不合逻辑、英语表达习惯或表达欠佳的句子，就是中式英语，即所谓的Chinglish；明显违反逻辑或连语法都有问题的句子，称为Subchinglish。国外友人对中式英语的友善评价SentencesthatindicatethetimesomethingwilloccurarealmostnevercorrectlyphrasedbyChinesepeople.Themostcommonstatementis,Hewillarriveafteronehour.Again,Iunderstand,butanativespeakerwouldneversaythat.我吃过了。Ieatalready.English:Ihaveeaten.例句若干……howareyou?howoldareyou?怎么是你，怎么老是你？youhaveseed，Iwillgiveyousomecolortoseesee你有种，我要给你点颜色看看horsehorsetigertiger马马虎虎特点：严谨周密，概念准确，逻辑性强，行文简练，重点突出，句式严整，常用前置性陈述句或者被动语态。一、专业英语的文体特点大量使用陈述句专业科技文章一般以事实、原理方法等的描述说明为主要对象，因此陈述句使用较多。However，ithasbeenshownthatforanumberofdrugs,thereisdirectrelationshipbetweentheplasmadrugconcentrationandthedrugconcentrationinthetargettissue.举例Peopleusegaschromatography[,krɔmə'tɔgrəfi]inmanydifferentfields.被动语态清晰、准确、精练、严密Gaschromatographyisusedinmanydifferentfields.例句2这种方法的缺点是不敏感。Thedisadvantageofthemethodisnotsensitive.“缺点”本身无敏感性可言，主表搭配不合逻辑Thedisadvantageofthemethodisitsinsensitivity.（有sensitivemethod）我们可以说“他的皮肤不敏感。”Hisskinisnotsensitiveto…./tohavesensitiveskin;Thedisadvantageofthemethodisbeingnotsensitive.时态运用单一英语有16种时态，但在专业英语中一般以过去时、将来时、现在时为主，偶尔会用到完成时。教学要求1.掌握一定的医学与检验专业词汇2.培养专业英语的阅读能力3.培养专业英语的写作能力Howtostudy?Listentocarefullyintheclassroom仔细听，多参与（speaking）Reading，writingandlistening（text、paperandabstract)多阅读、多听和多写Recollectinyourfreetime常记忆Noteindetailaspossibleasyoucan勤笔记Listening–Discoverychannel–Sciencenews,SpeakingandTalking–Makeapresentation/speech–CommunicatewithothersorinterviewReading–SciencenewsandpapersfromwebsiteNCBI–()andspecialjournalWriting–thesisorpapers,e-mail:ClinicalLaboratorySection.1Alaboratory(lab)isafacilitythatprovidecontrolledconditionsinwhichscientificresearch,experiments,andmeasurementmaybeperformed.Inaccordwiththeclinicallaboratoryimprovementamendments(CLIA),theCLIAprogramsetsstandardsandissuescertificatesforclinicallaboratorytesting.实验室是提供控制条件进行科学研究、实验和测量的机构。按照临床实验室改进修正案（CLIA），CLIA纲要为临床实验室检验设定标准并颁发证书。Para.1CLIAdefinesaclinicallaboratoyasanyfacilitywhichperformslaboratorytestingonspecimensderivedfromhumansforthepurposeofprovidinginformation（1）forthediagnosis,preventionortreatmentofdiseaseorimpairment,and（2）fortheassessmentofhealth.AnobjectiveofCLIAistoensuretheaccuracy,reliabilityandtimelessoftestresultsregardlessofwherethetestwasperformed.CLIA明确了临床实验室是来源于人体的标本进行实验室检验的机构，其目的是（1）为疾病或损伤的诊断、预防或治疗，以及（2）健康评估提供相关的检验信息。CLIA的目的就是确保检验结果的准确性、可靠性和及时性，而不考虑检验进行的地点。Section.1Inmanycountries,therearetwomaintypesoflabsthatprocessthemajorityofmedicalspecimens.Hospitallaboratoriesareattachedtoahospital,andperformtestsonpatients.Private(orcommunity)laboratoriesreceivesamplesfromgeneralpractitioners,insurancecompanies,clinicalresearchsitesandotherhealthclinicsforanalysis.在很多国家，对大多数医学样本进行分析的实验室主要有两种类型。附属于医院的医院实验室对患者的样本进行分析。私立实验室（或社区实验室）接受来自全科医生、保险公司、临床研究机构和其他健康诊所的标本进行分析。Section.1Laboratorymedicineisgenerallydividedintotwosections,andeachofwhichisfurtherdividedintoanumberofunits.Thesetwosectionsareanatomicpathologyandclinicalpathology.Anatomicpathology(thefirst)includeshistopathology,cytopathologyandmicroscopy.Clinicalpathology(thelatter)includesclinicalmicrobiology,hematology,clinicalchemistry,geneticsandreproductionbiology.检验医学一般分成两个部分，这两部分进一步被分为许多单元。这两部分就是解剖病理学和临床病理学。解剖病理学包括组织病理学、细胞病理学和显微镜检查。临床病理学包括临床微生物学、血液学、临床化学、遗传学和生殖学。MedicaltermsAna-tomicPath-ologyHisto-pathologyCyto-pathologyMicro-biologyBreakingdownMedicalTermsMedicalwordscanbebrokendownintoparts:myocardicalTheprefixorsuffixisasyllableoronlyafewletters,addedtotheroottermthatwillalteritsmeaning.PrefixmuscleRootheartSuffixPertainingtoBasicelementsofmedicalwordsMostmedicalwordsaremadefromacombinationofthefollowingelements:thepartofthewordthatweshallcallthebase(root/stem)becauseitcontainsthemostfundamentalmeaningofthatword,prefixesandsuffixes,andvowels(o/a)thatjoinalltheseparts.Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis(45letters)Pneumono-ultra-microscopic-silico-volcano-coniosis粉尘病火山硅/矽超显微的肺的Itdevelopsonlyafteryearsofexposuretolowlevelsofsilicadust.[医]硅酸盐沉着病,矽肺病Symptomsincludehyperventilation,coughing,dysphonia(发声困难),anorexia(厌食),chestpainandincreasedsusceptibilitytotuberculosis（结核）MedicalEnglishOrigin医学英语的发展史是英语发展史的一部分。在医学方面，继承了由古希腊医学家希波克拉底留下的大量医学文献的罗马人，把大量希腊语的医学词语融入到拉丁语中；于是，在古英语中，就出现了以拉丁语或希腊语为词根，词缀的医学英语词汇。在现代医学英语词汇里，约75%的词汇来源于拉丁文和希腊语。此外，英语还吸收了法语，意大利语等诸多语言中的词语。常见词根英语普通词汇LatinGreekOriginkideyRen-Renal肾脏的Infrarenal肾下的Nephr／o-：Nephritis肾炎nephritic肾的，。BodyCorpus：Corporal体的Soma：Somatic躯体的Somatocyte体细胞TongueLingua-：Lingual舌的Glossa(gloss-舌)：Glossectomy舌切除术Glossotomy舌切开术womanFem-：FemaleFeminilismGyn-：Gynaecology妇科学Gynecopathy妇科病常见词根中文1/2一多英文One-halfonemany希腊语Hemi-Mono-Poly-拉丁语Semi-Uni-Multi-exercises构成单词含义？h