The-Autobiography-of-Benjamin-Franklin-final

TheAutobiography徐路村余莹林乐伟怕缇古丽杨世明GroupMemberA.IntroductionaboutBenjaminFranklinB.InformationabouttheAutobiographyC.TextcomprehensionD.TheintentionofwritingE.WritingstylesF.CharactersintheAutobiographyG.MainthoughtsH.SignificancecontentSuccessasaninventorandscientistLightningrod(避雷针)Glassarmonica（玻璃琴）Franklinstove（富兰克林暖炉）Bifocalglasses（双焦点眼镜）Urinarycatheter（导尿管）inventionsContributionstoScienceAtlanticOceancurrentsElectricityWavetheoryoflightConceptofcoolingTemperature’seffectonelectricalconductivityOceanographyfindingsa.Itisperhapsthefirstrealpost-revolutionaryAmericanwritingaswellasthefirstrealautobiographyinEnglish.b.Itgivesustherecordofamanrisingtowealthandfamefromastateofpovertyandobscurityintowhichhewasborn,thefaithfulaccountofthecolorfulcareerofAmerica’sfirstself-mademan.c.Itisapuritandocument.Themostfamoussectiondescribeshisscientificschemeofself-examinationandself-improvement.InformationabouttheAutobiography❀PartOne:portraysFranklinasayoungmaninBostonandPhiladelphia.❀PartTwo:thecontroversial“artofvirtue”section.Here,Franklinrecountshisyouthfulattempttoachieve“moralperfection.”FOURpartoftheAutobiography❀PartThree:revealshowtheadultFranklinuseshisprinciplesofconductinordertoperformhisrolesasascientist,philanthropistandapolitician.Partiallyduetohisabilitytoself-promote.❀PartFour:thecomplementaryoftheformerthreeparts.IttellsyouaboutFranklin’svisittotheUK,andarrivedinLondoninJuly27th.HefinisheshisjobandcamebacktoPhiladelphiainNovember1st.HistoricalBackground✿TheAmericanwarofindependence✿EnlightenmentTheintentionofwriting1.Franklinwouldnotwanttobeforgottenafterhewasdead.Hewantedthroughwritinglethisspiritlastforever.Andhissonwouldliketoknowabouthislife.2.PassdownthetruthoflifeandAmericanspirittolatergenerations.Theintentionofwriting3.Theintentoftellinghimabouthislifeandretrospecthislife.Letlatergenerationsgettoknowhimandbeinspired.4.AccountforthemajoreventsofhistoryasFranklinwitnessedthemandtookpartinthem.TheAutobiographyaddressesFranklin’slifetohisownson,heclaimstowriteonlysothathisownlifemaybeanexampleforhissonofhowonecanlivewellandhowonecangetthroughhardships.TextcomprehensionFranklin'smentionofcorrectingsomeerrorswerehetorelivehislife,bothindicateFranklin'sconstantinterestinself-improvement.ThisisperhapsthelargestthemeintheAutobiography;itdominatesPartTwoandrecursofteninPartOne.AlsonoticethatFranklinthanksGodforhelpinghimtoleadagoodlife.TextcomprehensionThirteennamesofvirtues(2ndpart)1.Temperance2.Silence3.Order4.Resolution5.Frugality6.Industry7.Sincerity8.Justice9.Moderation10.Cleanliness11.Tranquilty12.Chastity13.HumilityWritingstyles•PlainStyle:Itisapracticalstylethatmakeshisthoughtseemlucid,precise,andhisadviceonindividualdevelopmentsseemreadilyattainable.•Humorstyle:Franklinattemptstopokefunathimselfsoastonotseemarrogant.•Terseandwittystyle:Heusuallymakeshispointsusingasfewwordsaspossible.•Didacticstyle：theAutobiographyisintendedtobereadpartlyasaself-helpmanual(手册).Allinall,itisthepatternofPuritansimplicity,directness,andconcision.Thenarrativeislucid(易懂的),thestructureissimple,theimageryishomely(朴素的).anexemplaryillustrationoftheAmericanstyleofwriting.CharactersintheAutobiography•①BenjaminFranklinTheauthorandprotagonistoftheAutobiography;TheAutobiographytellsofthemajoreventsofhislifeandmanyofhisimportantscientificandpoliticalideas,buttheworkdoesnotdiscusstheAmericanRevolution,inwhichFranklinwasamajorparticipant.②WilliamFranklinBenjamin'ssonandroyalgovernorofNewJerseyin1771whenBenbeginswritingthework.BenbeginstheAutobiographyasalettertoWilliamwiththeintentoftellinghimabouthislife.③JamesFranklinFranklinolderbrotherwhoownsaprintinghouseinBoston.BenisapprenticedtoJameswhenBenis12,andwhiletheydonotalwaysgetalongverywell,BenlearnsmuchfromJamesandprovestobequitehelpful.WhenJamesisarrestedforholdingsubversive(颠覆性的）politicalideas,BentakesoverthepaperuntilJames'release.WhenBenbreakshiscontractandleavesforPhiladelphia,Jamesgrowsangryandspiteful.④AndrewBradfordAprinterinPhiladelphia,heisunabletohireFranklinbuthedoesallowFranklintostayinhishouse.Lateron,whenFranklinrunshisownpaper,thetwoarecompetitorsuntilBradfordleavestheprintingindustry.⑤SamuelKeimerTheprinterinPhiladelphiaforwhomFranklinworks.Theirrelationshipdeterioratesovertime,andeventuallytheyhaveafallingout.Keimer,however,triestomakeamendswhenherealizesthatBencansupplyhimwithimportantprintingtools.⑥DeborahReaThedaughterofJohnRead,sheeventuallymarriesFranklineventhoughtheircourtshipisinterruptedbyhis18-monthtriptoEngland,duringwhichtimeshemarriesanothermanwhodisappearsthusallowinghermarriagetoFranklin.⑦JohnReadAresidentofPhiladelphia,hehousesFranklinshortlyafterFranklinarrivesinPhiladelphia.MainThoughts•Puritanism•Americanism/AmericaDreamTheAmericadreammeansthespiritstoobtainingpropertyandfamebydevelopingone’scharactersandhardworking.Significance1.ItpresentsaprototypeofAmericansuccesswhichinspiredgenerationsofAmericansandthefulfillmentoftheAmericanDream.2.ItisanembodimentofPuritanismandEnlighteningspirits.Puritanism(self-examinationandself-improvement)Enligh