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Sherry1宾语从句讲义【知识梳理】中考常考从句一、什么是宾语从句？在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。如：Ithink(that)youareright.Hewassurprisedatwhatshesaidtohim.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.二、宾语从句三要素1．连词★以下情况只能用whether①前有介词狼I’mnotinterestedinwhethershewillcome.②后有todo虎Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertogotoShanghai.③为避歧义(T)Letmeknowwhetheryouloveme.告诉我是否你爱我。(F)Letmeknowifyouloveme.此句中的if既可翻译成“是否”，也可翻译成“如果”。④discuss后Wearediscussingwhetherwewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.⑤直接加是否（ornot）Iwanttoknowwhetherornotyouwillhelpme.连词用法备注that引导陈述句不做任何成份，无意义(一般可省略)if/whether引导一般疑问句不做任何成份，表“是否”wh/h-类特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句做成份，表“特殊疑问词本身的意思”Sherry2通常情况下使用whether…ornot如：Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillhelpmeornot.2．语序宾语从句的连词后要用陈述句语序。即：主句+谓语。如：Idon’tknowwherearetheyfrom.(x)Idon’tknowwheretheyarefrom.(√)★What’sthematter？和What’swrong?以及Whichisthewayto……？语序不变。如：Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter.★Idon’tknowwhatwaswrongwithherbike.3．时态★时态照应，口诀如下：主现从不限主过从必过★真理规律永一现Theteachersaid(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.三、宾语从句和简单句的转换当宾语从句是以连接代词或连接副词如when,where,who,why,which,what,whose等引导时，如果主语一致，可以转化成“连接代词或副词+动词不定式”形式，从而由一个主从复合句变为一个以动词不定式做宾语的简单句。如：Shedoesn’tknowwhatsheshoulddonext.=Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.四、各种类型的宾语从句1.动词的宾语从句①大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。如：Weallexpectthattheywillwin.主句从句例句一般现在时任何时态ShesaysthatshewillflytoJapaninaweek.一般过去时过去的相应时态Shesaidthatshewasastudent.Sherry3②部分“动词+副词”结构可以带宾语从句。如：I’vefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.Canyouworkouthowmuchwewillspendduringthetrip?③动词短语也可以带宾语从句。如：makesure确保makeupone’smind下决心keepinmind牢记Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.2.介词的宾语从句①用wh/h-类的介词宾语从句ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace.②用that/if引导的介词宾语从句有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句。Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkforacompany.3.形容词的宾语从句常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised等。如：IamsurethatIwillpasstheexam.IamsorrythatIhavetroubledyousolong.Sherry4判断下列从句的类别1.Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.2.Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.3.Theteacheraskedthestudentswhatwasthematter.4.Wewereabouttoleavewhenhecamein.5.I’vefoundoutthatalltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout.6.Shedoesn’tknowwhattodonext.7.ItwasraininghardwhenIgotthere.8.Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.9.Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.10.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?11.Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?12.Helefttheclassroomafterhehadfinishedhishomework.13.HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.14.It'ssuchaheavyboxthatnobodycanmoveit.15.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.16.Pleasetelluswhereheis.17.I'llgoonwiththeworkwhenIcomebacktomorrow.18.Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.19.Itisfiveyearssincewemetlasttime20.Iwanttoknowwhetheryouwillhelpmeornot.21.Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?22.I'llgowhereworkishard.23.Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.24.Thoughitsnowedheavily,theykeptonworking.25.YoushoulddoitasItoldyou.Sherry51.MayIcomein?I’msorryIamlate.Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme______?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whyareyoulateagainC.whyyouwerelateagainD.whywereyoulateagain2.Peterpromisedthathe____________hissisteranelectronicdictionary.A.hasboughtB.hadboughtC.wouldbuyD.willbuy3.Doyouknowwhom____________?A.doesthisjacketbelongtoB.isthisjacketbelongtoC.thisjacketbelongstoD.thisjacketisbelongingto4.I’dliketoknow______.A.whenwillyouaskforleaveB.whenwouldyouaskforleaveC.whenyouwillaskforleaveD.whenyouwouldaskforleave5.Didyouknow_______at9o'clockyesterdayevening?A.whomwasJanewaitingforB.whomisJanewaitingforC.whomJanewaswaitingforD.whomJaneiswaitingfor6.Duringhislecture,thefiremanexplainedtothestudents______fromaburningbuilding.A.howcouldtheyescapeB.howtheycouldescapeC.whatcouldtheyescapeD.whattheycouldescape7.Theoldladycouldn’tremember________.A.whereshehadputherglassesB.wherehadsheputherglassesC.wheresheputsherglassesD.wheredidsheputherglasses8.Christinasaidthatshe________anothertriptoSwedenthenextday.A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.istakingD.hadtaken9.Thepoliceasked_____wesawanybodybreakintothehousetostealthings.A.whoB.ifC.whatD.where10.Couldyoutellme________?A.whenwillthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjingB.whenthenextbullettrainwillleaveforNanjingC.whenwouldthenextbullettrainleaveforNanjingD.whenthenextbullettrainwouldleaveforNanjing1.Couldyoutellme____________?A.what’sArthurdoingnowB.whatwasArthurdoingnowC.whatArthurwasdoingnowD.whatArthurisdoingnowSherry62.---Doyouknow______?Heiswantedbytheheadmaster.---Idon’tknow.Hewashereamomentago.A.whyhasn’tTimcomebackB.whyTimhasn’tcomebackC.whydidTimcomebackD.whyTimdidn’tcomeback3.Doyouknow_________atthattime?A.whothefirstcomputerinventedB.whothefirstcomputerinventsC.whoinventedthefirstcomputerD.whoinventsthefirstcomputer4.Couldyoupleasetellme_______tomorrowafternoon?A.whenwillthenewfilmbeginB.whenthenewfilmwillbeginC.whenthenewfilmwouldbeginD.whenwouldthenewfilmbegin5.Couldyoupleasetellme___________?A.whentheopeningceremonywillstartB.whentheopeningceremonyhadstartedC.whenwilltheopeningceremonystartD.whendidtheopeningceremonystart6.I’dliketoseeyouo