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1Unit4Don’teatinclass.1.祈使句的构成和用法概念：祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等的句子。结构：祈使句一般以动词原形开头，句末用句号或感叹号。a)Do型祈使句肯定结构：动词原形+宾语+其它否定结构：Don’t+动词原形+宾语Openthedoor.开门Don’tplaysoccerintheclassroom.不要在教室里踢足球。b)Be型祈使句肯定结构：Be+表语否定结构：Don’t+be+表语Becarefulnexttime!下次要细心！Don’tbelateforschool.上学不要迟到。c)Let型祈使句肯定结构：Let+宾语+动词原形+其它否定结构：Don’t+let+宾语+动词原形+其它Let’snot+动词原形+其它Let’sgohome.我们回家吧。Don’tlethimgoshopping.不要让他去购物。d)No型祈使句结构：No+动词ing或No+名词。这种结构的祈使句一般用来表示禁止。Notalking禁止讲话（=Don’ttalk=Stoptalking）Nophotos禁止拍照（=Don’ttakephotos）2.短语goout外出（娱乐）Youcan’tgooutonschoolnights.在上学的晚上你不能出去（玩）。takeout掏出，取出Pleasetakeoutapieceofpaper.请拿出一张纸。dothedishes=washthedishes清洗餐具Pleasewashthedishesafterdinner.晚饭后请清洗餐具。thinkaboutsth考虑Let’sthinkaboutthefruitandvegetables.让我们考虑一下水果和蔬菜。havefun=haveagoodtime玩得高兴Havefun.玩得开心！goodluck(tosb)祝（某人）好运Wishyougoodluck.=Goodlucktoyou.祝你好运。sbbelucky某人运气好Sheislucky.她运气好。waitforsb等待某人Iamwaitingforyou.我一直在等你。arrivelatefor=belatefor为…而迟到Don’tarrivelateforwork.上班不要迟到。fightwithsb和某人大家Don’tfightwithyourclassmates.不要和你的同学打架。makefriends交朋友Iwanttomakefriendswithyou.我想和你交朋友。makesure确信Pleasemakesureheisathome.请确认他在家。makeone’sbed铺床EverymorningImustmakemybed.每天早上我必须铺床。makenoise制造噪音Don’tmakenoise.不要制造噪音。keepquiet=bequiet保持安静Keepquiet,please.请保持安静。=Pleasekeepquiet.keephealthy保持健康Runningcankeepushealthy.跑步能保持我们健康。keepcool保持冷静Keepcool,don’tfightwithhim.保持冷静，不要和他打架。keepupwith跟上Youmustkeepupwithotherstudents.你必须跟上其他学生。3.rule规则(复数形式rules)familyrules家规schoolrules校规followtherules=obeytherules遵守规则breaktherules违反规则makerules制定规则24.“到达”的用法表达getto+地方arrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方reach+地方gettoschool=reachschool=arriveatschool到达学校注意：home,there,here是副词，因此介词to、in、at要省略，如gethome到家5.listento、hear和sound辨析：两者都表示“听”的意思listen有意识地听，但不一定听到什么，强调“听”这个动作，结构“listen+to+宾语”hear强调听的结果，“听见”。sound听起来，系动词+adj做表语Hecan’thearyoubecauseheislisteningtomusicnow.他听不见你，因为他正在听音乐。Thatsoundsinteresting.那听起来有趣。6.time及相关短语表时间，不可数名词Whattimeisitnow?现在是什么时间？（几点了？）time表次数，可数名词threetimes三次atthesametime同时intime及时ontime准时allthetime一直，总是=alwaysforthefirsttime第一次attimes有时，偶尔inthemorning/intheafternoon/intheevening在早上/在下午/在晚上atnoon=inthemiddleoftheday在中午atnight泛指在晚上onschooldays在上学的白天onschoolnights在上学的晚上7.wear、puton和getdressed辨析wear表“穿着、戴着”的状态。Sheiswearingareddresstoday.她今天穿着一件红裙子。puton表“穿上、戴上”的动作Pleaseputonyourcoat.Itisverycoldoutside.请穿上你的外套，外面很冷。getdressed是get+adj的用法，dressed是一个过去分词充当形容词，意思是“穿好衣服的”=dressoneself8.haveto和must辨析haveto+动词原形，强调客观需要；否定形式don’thaveto不必must+动词原形，强调主观看法Becauseitisrainingoutside,Ihavetotakeanumbrella.因为外面正在下雨，我不得不带伞。Youdon’thavetogetupsoearly.Imustfinishmyhomeworkbeforehalfpasteightintheevening.9.bring…to…把…带到…来∕bring…from…从…带来PleasebringyourEnglishbookstoschool.Ibringsomebreadfromhome.10.practice用法practice+名词Imustpracticetheguitareveryday.我每天必须练习吉他。practice+动名词（V-ing）Shepracticesplayingthepianoafterdinner.她晚餐后练习弹钢琴。11.help用法helpsbwithsth/V-ingImusthelpmymomwithhousework.我必须帮助我妈妈做家务。helpsb(to)dosthCanyouhelpmewithwashingthedishes?IneedtohelpmystudentslearnEnglish.312.toomany，toomuch，muchto用法辨析toomany+可数名词复数，表示“太多”toomuch+不可数名词，表示“太多”muchtoo+形容词/副词，表示“太”Therearetoomanyrulesatschool.Heeatstoomuchice-creamHisT-shirtismuchtoolarge.13.正反义词小结interesting,fun有趣的boring无聊的noisy吵闹的（noise噪音，不可数名词）quiet安静的unimportant不重要的important重要的happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的sad伤心的clean干净的dirty脏的big大的small小的long长的short短的tall高的short矮的new新的old老的，旧的fat胖的thin，slim瘦的outside在外面inside在里面friendly友好的unfriendly不友好的14.strict用法bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格bestrictinsth对某事要求严格Myfatherisverystrictwithme.Hismotherisstrictwitheverything.15.remember，forget用法remembertodosth记得要做某事（事情还未做）Pleaseremembertofinishyourhomework.rememberdoingsth记得做过某事（事情已做）Iremembercleaningmyroom.forgettodosth忘记要做某事（事情还未做）Iforgettobringyourbookstoschool.forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事（事情已做）Iforgetdoingthedishes16.look，see，watch和read用法辨析look强调看的动作lookat看，lookfor寻找，lookafter照顾see强调看的结果，看见watch观看，注视，尤其是动态的画面read读，阅读，常和book，magazine搭配PleaselookattheblackboardIamlookingforyou.Pleaselookaftermypetdogonweekends.IcanseeyouWewanttowatchthebasketballgameonSaturday.ImustreadabookbeforeIgotobed.17.句型a)Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?你认为…怎么样？Whatdoyouthinkofthisarticle?=Howdoyoulikethisarticle?你认为这篇文字怎么样？WhatdoesshethinkofYueyang?=HowdoesshelikeYueyang?她认为岳阳怎么样？b)感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用what和how引导，what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。一、由what引导的感叹句：what意为多么用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加4不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。结构：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(itis).①Whataclevergirlsheis!多么聪明的姑娘呀！②Whataninterestingstoryitis!多么有趣的故事呀！③Whatgoodchildrentheyare!他们是多么好的孩子呀！④Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多么漂亮的花呀！⑤Whatdeliciousfooditis!多么有味的食物呀！⑥Whatheavysnowitis!多么大的雪呀！二、由how引导的感叹句：how意为多么，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词。结构：How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(itis).①Howcolditistoday!今天多么冷呀！②Hownicethepicturesare!多么漂亮的图画呀！③Howhappytheylook!他们显得多么高兴呀！④Howwellshesings!她唱得多好呀！⑤Howhardtheyareworkingnow!他们干得多么起劲呀！三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用what引导，也可用how引导。①Whatahotdayitis!Howhotthedayis!多么热的天气呀！②Whattallbuildingstheyare!Howtallthebuildingsare!多么高的楼房呀！③Whatbadweatheritis!Howbadtheweatheris!多么糟糕的天气呀！④Whatbrightsunshineiti