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TEST3ReadingComprehensionTask1Passage1Achildwhohasoncebeenpleasedwithatalelikes,asrule,tohaveitretoldinidenticallythesamewords,butthisshouldnotleadparentstotreatprintedfairystoriesassacredtexts.Itisalwaysmuchbettertotellastorythanreaditoutofabook,and,ifaparentcanproducewhat,intheactualcircumstancesofthetimeandtheindividualchild,isanimprovementontheprintedtext,somuchthebetter.Achargemadeagainstfairytalesisthattheyharmthechildbyfrighteninghimorarousinghissadisticimpulses.Toprovethelatter,onewouldhavetoshowinacontrolledexperimentthatchildrenwhohavereadfairystoriesweremoreoftenguiltyofcrueltythanthosewhohadnot.Aggressive,destructive,sadisticimpulseseverychildhasand,onthewhole,theirsymbolicverbaldischargeseemstoberatherasafetyvalvethananincitementtoovertaction.Astofears,thereare,Ithink,well-authenticatedcasesofchildrenbeingdangerouslyterrifiedbysomefairystories.Often,however,thisarisesfromthechildhavingheardthestoryonce.FamiliaritywiththestorybyrepetitionturnsthepainoffearintothepleasureofafearfacedTherearealsopeoplewhoobjecttofairystoriesonthegroundsthattheyarenotobjectivelytrue,thatgiants,witches,twoheadeddragons,magiccarpets,etc.,donotexist;andthat,insteadofindulginghisfantasiesinfairytales,thechildshouldbetaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanics.Ifindsuchpeople,Imustconfess,sounsympatheticandpeculiarthatIdonotknowhowtoarguewiththem.Iftheircaseweresound,theworldshouldbefullofmadmenattemptingtoflyfromNewYorktoPhiladelphiaonabroomstickorcoveringatelephonewithkissesinNofairystoryeverclaimedtobeadescriptionoftheexternalworldandnosane1.Inthewriter'sopinion,afairytale______.A)cannotbereadtochildrenwithoutvariationbecausetheyfindnopleasureB)C)D)isnolongerneededindevelopingchild2.Accordingtothepassage,somepeoplewhoareopenlyagainstfairytalesarguethatA)fairytalesareharmfultochildreninthattheyshowtheprimitivecrueltyinB)fairytalesareharmfultochildrenunlesstheyhavebeenadaptedbytheirparentC)fairytalesincreaseatendencytosadisminchildrenD)childrenwhohavereadfairystoriespaylittleattentiontothestudyofhistoryandmechanics3.Inthewriter'sopiniontoridchildrenoffears,fairystoriesshouldbe______.A)B)rC)D)A)B)C)helpchildrentocometotermswithfearsD)5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisnottrueaboutfairystories?A)Ifchildrenindulgedhisfantasiesinfairytalesinsteadofbeingtaughthowtoadapttorealitybystudyinghistoryandmechanicstheworldshouldbefullofmadman.B)ChildrencanoftenbegreatlyterrifiedwhenthefairystoryisheardfortheC)Fairytalesmaybeneficiallydirectchildren'saggressive,destructiveandD)FairytalesarenomorethanstoriesaboutimaginaryfigureswithmagicalPassage2Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeverypersonaboardandinmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnitedStatesrequirements,lifepreserversmustbesimpleindesign,reversiblecapableofbeingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupportthewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.Sufficientbuoyancy(浮力)tosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48hoursinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbemadeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewaterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-downpositiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhenthewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiatedpersonseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditions,whichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelifepreservershouldbereversiblethatitisnearlyimpossibletogetitonwrong.Catches,straps,andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothewidevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingandtheself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifepreservershouldalsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipisindanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.6.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.A)theusesoflifepreserversB)thedesignoflifepreserversC)thematerialsforlifepreserversD)thebuoyancyoflifepreservers7.Accordingtothepassage,alifepreservershouldbefirstofall_____.A)adjustableB)comfortableC)self-evidentD)self-righting8.UnitedStatesCoastGuarddoesNOTrequirethelifepreservertobemade_____.A)withasfewstringsaspossibleB)capableofbeingwornonbothsidesC)accordingtoeachwearer’ssizeD)comfortableandlighttowear9.By“theuninitiatedindividual”(Para.1,Line.4)theauthorreferstotheperson_____.A)whohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserverB)whohasalittleexperienceinusingalifepreserverC)whousesalifepreserverwithoutpermissionD)whobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster10.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.D)Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.Pas