非谓语可充当的成分及基本形式高三英语语法复习三一.分析下列非谓语在句子中的成分1.Itiswrongtotelllies.2.Hedemandedtobeinformedofthelatestnews.3.Ihadnochoicebuttocallinthepoliceman.4.Hiswishistobecomealearnedman.5.I’vegottwoletterstowritetonight.6.Heletmerepeathisinstruction,justtomakesurethatIunderstoodwhatwastobedoneafterhewentaway.•主•动宾•介宾•表•定•状7.Isawtheladylockthedoor.8.Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.9.Ifinditfunlyingonthegrassandenjoyingthemusic.10.Iagreetotheirgoingforapicnictomorrow.11.WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.12.Thereisawritingdesk.•宾补•主•宾•宾•表•定13.Theresultwassurprising.Theyweresurprisedattheresult.14.Thereisaboywritingletters.Therearesomeletterswritten,aletterbeingwrittenandsomelettersforhimtowrite.15.Ridinginthestreetduringtherushhour,youmustbecareful.16.Givenmoretime,Iwouldbeabletocompleteit.17.Icaughttheboystealingthefarmer’sapples.18.Hekepthereyesshut.•表•定•状•状•宾补•宾补非谓语可作成分归纳句子成分非谓语动词主语(动词)宾语(介词)宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语可作成分归纳句子成分非谓语动词主语(动词)宾语(介词)宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式√√except/but之后√√√√动名词现在分词过去分词非谓语可作成分归纳句子成分非谓语动词主语(动词)宾语(介词)宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式√√except/but之后√√√√动名词√√√√√现在分词过去分词非谓语可作成分归纳句子成分非谓语动词主语(动词)宾语(介词)宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式√√except/but之后√√√√动名词√√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词非谓语可作成分归纳句子成分非谓语动词主语(动词)宾语(介词)宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式√√except/but之后√√√√动名词√√√√√现在分词√√√√过去分词√√√√非谓语的作用•动词不定式具有________,和_____的作用,同时也保留动词的一些特征,因此可以在句中充当除谓语以外的大部分成分。•动名词具有____的作用。由于不具有副词的特征,所以不可充当状语或宾补。•分词具有_________的作用。由于不具有名词的特征,所以不可充当主语和宾语。名词,形容词副词名词形容词和副词二.非谓语的基本形式主动被动表示一般式进行式/完成式todotobedone将来tobedoing正在进行tohavedonetohavebeendone已完成动词不定式否定形式:not+不定式逻辑主语:forsbtodo动名词主动被动一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone否定形式:not+动名词逻辑主语:one’sdoing(若动名词作宾语,所有格也可由宾格替代。)例:Doyoumind________我smokinghere?_______你smokingtoomuchwilldoharmtoyou.my/meYour分词主动被动现在分词一般式完成式过去分词一般式/doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonedone否定形式:not+分词逻辑主语:sb+分词三.正确判断非谓语形式在句子中所作的成分1.同样位于句首,非谓语作状语时,一般均要用逗号同其他成分隔开,而非谓语作主语时,和其他成分是紧密相连的。如:•Frightened,hestoodmotionless.(__________作__________)•Beinglateisanunforgivablesinhere.(__________作__________)过去分词状语动名词主语注意:•有时在主语后有插入语,并用逗号将插入语同其他成分隔开,这时尤其要注意同分词作状语的形式相辨别。如:•Beinglate,inmyeyes,isanunforgivablesin.(_______作_____)•Beinglate,hehadtogotoschoolwithouthavingbreakfast.(_______作______)动名词主语现在分词状语2.非谓语位于名词之后,并不一定作定语,也有可能是作宾补。如:Shanghaiisamoderncitygreatlychanged.(_____________作________)IfoundShanghaigreatlychanged.(__________作_________)过去分词定语过去分词宾补