汉译英专项练习答案及解析

汉译英专项练习答案及解析一、倍数增减的表示法1)is2.5timesgreaterthanForceN2(考点：倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than)2)reactsthreetimesasfastastheotherone(考点：倍数+as+形容词/副词+as)3)is49timesthesizeofthemoon(考点：倍数+名词)4)wantstoraisetherentbyathird(考点：动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数)5)plantodoubletheirinvestment(考点：double+名词)二、时态1)ortheweddingwillhavefinishedbythetimewegettothechurch(考点：将来完成时)2)thechildrenhadfallenasleep(考点：过去完成时)3)mysisterwillbetakinghervacationattheseaside(考点：将来进行时)4)havebeenrevisingmyresumeallthemorning(考点：现在完成进行时)5)No.IthasbeenfiveyearssinceIwentonholiday(考点：Ithasbeen…sincesb.didsth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)6)Hehasbeeninthearmyfor5years(考点：1.现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)三、被动语态1)isbeingreplacedbythecomputerandtheprojector(考点：被动语态的现在进行时)2)willhavebeenpublishedbytheendofthisyear(考点：被动语态的将来完成时)3)canbeusedtodemonstratethewaythatcellswork(考点：1.被动语态与情态动词联用;2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态)4)Iwasstartled,forthepriceswereagreatdealhigherthanIhadanticipated(考点：同“3”的考点2)5)Effectivemeasuresmustbetakenimmediately(考点：汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)四、情态动词1)butthereisnoanswer.Shecan’tbeathome(考点：情态动词可以表示可能性，can’t表示“一定不”)2)Imayhavelefttheminthecoffeeshopyesterday(考点：“情态动词can/could,may/might,must+完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断)3)Youmusthavedreamedofsomethingterrible(考点：同上)4)Youshouldhaveinvitedhertoyourgraduationceremony(考点：“情态动词should/oughtto+havedone”用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作，含有批评的意思)5)Ineedn’thaveputonmybestsuittogototheparty(考点：“情态动词needn’t+have+done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论，认为“无须发生”，“不必做”)五、虚拟语气1)IhadhadyouropportunitieswhenIwasyoung(考点：Iwish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望)2)hehadknownthisdiseaseiscurable(考点：Ifonly引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是……就好了”，用法与Iwish…基本相同)3)painteditblue,andwithoutanydecorations(考点：wouldrather后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实)4)measuresweretakentosolvetheproblemoftrafficjams(考点：It’s(about/high)time后的that从句中用过去式，表示“该是……的时候了”)5)asthoughheweredeliveringaspeechatanassembly(考点：asif/asthough引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑)6)Jack(should)besenttohospitalrightnow(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)7)moremobileshops(should)besetupintheresidentialarea(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)8)they(should)setupaspecialboard/committeetoexaminethisproblem(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)9)themid-termexams(should)becanceled(考点：表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that)sb.(should)do”的虚拟形式)[表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词及其名词常见的有：advise(advice),agree(agreement),decide(decision),decree,demand,determine(determination),grant,indicate(indication),insist(insistence),order,prefer(preference),propose(proposal),request,require(requirement),resolve(resolution),stipulate(stipulation),suggest(suggestion),urge,vote;常见的这类动词还有：allow,arrange,ask,beg,concede,demonstrate,ensure,intend,move,pledge,pray等]10)we(should)beshortofwaterinacountrywhereitisalwaysraining(考点：在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中常用“sb.shoulddo”的形式表示建议惊奇等。这类形容词常见的有：advisable,anxious,appropriate,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,essential,fitting,imperative,important,impossible,improper,natural,necessary,obligatory,preferable,proper,urgent,vital,willing等)11)everyone(should)bepreparedforemergency(考点：同上)12)IfhehadbookedticketsinthewayItoldhim(考点：在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反)13)ifIhadnotbeeninterrupted(考点：同上)14)Ifithadrained,thegroundwouldbewet(考点：在非真实条件句中，当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时，就根据情况用适当的谓语动词形式)15)IfIhadbeenlivinginNewYork(考点：同上)16)hewouldbedeadnow(考点：同上)17)wecouldnothaverentahouseatsuchalowprice(考点：butfor经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)18)otherwise,itwouldhavetakenmemoretimetoworkoutthisquestion(考点：otherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)19)Iwouldseizetheopportunitywithouthesitation(考点：在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词，可以省去if，采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件)20)thisactwouldhavebeenpassedmuchearlier(考点：同上)21)thecontinuedexistenceofthehumanracewouldbeinjeopardy(考点：同上)22)lestheshouldawakenthebaby(考点：lest(以免)引导的从句通常用sb.shoulddo的形式表示虚拟)六、不定式1)tocompletea24-storybuildingin10months(考点：不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式，而将不定式移到谓语后面)2)forustohaveagoodnight’ssleepbeforethetest(考点：有时用“介词for+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：necessary,important,possible,impossible,allright,essential等)3)ofyoutodonatesomuchmoneytothepeopleinthedisasterarea(考点：有时用“介词of+代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语，这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人，这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有：absurd,bold,brave,careful,careless,cowardly,cruel,foolish,generous,good,honest,kind,nice,polite,rude,selfish,silly,stupid,thoughtful,thoughtless,wicked,wise,wrong等)4)nottopunishthosestudentswhohadbeenlateforclass(考点：1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not)(能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：afford,agree,ask,attempt,beg,begin,bother,care,choose,claim,consent,decide,demand,desire,dislike,endeavor,expect,fail,fear,forget,happen,hate,help,hesitate,hope,intend,learn,like,love,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,pledge,prefer,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,remember,resolve,start,threaten,undertake,venture,volunteer,vow,want,wish)5)whethertovisittheirsoninFrance(考点：“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。能以这种结构作宾语的动词通常有ask,consider,decide,discover,explain,forget,guess,know,learn,observe,remember,see,tell,understand,wonder等)6)warnedmejustnownottowaterflowersatnoon(考点：不定式作宾语补语)7)invitedhimtogiveusalectureonmodernart(考点：同上)(能带不定式结构作宾语补语的动词有advise,allow,ask,beg,cause