英美概况课件英国地理ppt

英国概况Chapter1GeneralIntroductiontoPhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUK•TheLocationsoftheUK•ThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUK•RiversandMountains•Climateandweather•Population•TheMajorCities•ExercisesandAnswersFocusquestions•WhatisthefullnameoftheBritishstate?•Whatcountriesdoesitconsistof?•WhatisthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedKingdom?WheredomostBritishpeoplelive?WhatisthemostdenselypopulatedareaofBritain?Whatistheleastpopulated?•WhatarethemajorcitiesinBritain?Threeterms•BritishIsles•Britain•GreatBritainTwolargeislandsseveralsmallonesTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.England,WalesScotlandThecomplicatedfullnameoftheUKTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandFourparts:•England•Scotland•Wales•NorthernIrelandUnionJackThemapoftheUKThelocationoftheUK•BritainissituatedinwesternEuropeandisseparatedfromtheEuropeancontinentbytheNorthSea,theStraitofDoverandtheEnglishChannel.•Itisaninsularcountry.Itscoastlineruns12,429km,Itisoneofthecountrieswithlongestcoastline.•TothewestofitliestheAtlanticOcean,acrossandbeyonditisAmerica.ThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUK•Variedlandscape•FlatlandsinEngland•MountainsinScoltlandandWalesEnglandEngland•Aflatlandcountry,alsocalledLowlandzone•Pennines:thebackboneofEngland•Lakedistrict•Highlyurbanized-80%ofpopulationlivingincities-only2%workinginagriculture•Physicallylargestwithlargestpopulation•Dominancein:size/culture/economy-takeEnglandforUKLakeDistrictascenicspotinNorthWestEnglandApopularholidaydestinationbeingfamousforitslakesanditsmountainsitsassociationswiththeearly19thcenturypoetryandwritingsofWilliamWordsworthandotherpoets.WilliamWordswortharomanticpoetappointedpoetlaureatein1843LivingintheLakedistrictafter1797（1770—1850）ScotlandScotlandAmountainouscountrythreenaturalzones:TheHighlandsinthenorththecentralLowlandsthesouthernUplandsBenNevis:thehighestmountainintheUKAcountryofcastlesThehighlandsinScotland：sparselypopulated,withmanymountainrangesdominatingtheregion,andincludingthehighestmountainintheBritishIsles,BenNevisThefilm:BraveHeartBenNevis(1343metershigh)AirthcastleA14thcenturycastle,aspaandaScottishcastleaccommodation,oneofthemostpopularplacesforScottishcastleweddings.Stirlingcastleabout30milesfromGlasgowand40milesfromEdinburghAlonghistory,animportantfortificationandthesiteofmanysiegesandbattles,standingoutforitsimposinglocationandstoriedhistoryWalesWalesamountainouscountryinthewestofGreatBritain.takeinguplessthan9%ofthewholeisland.NorthernIreland•SmallestamongthefournationsinBritain•Mostlyrural,lowhills,beautifullakeinthesouth-west,ruggedcoastlineGiant’scauseway(巨人之路)(1)The8thNaturalWonderoftheWorld(suburbofBelfast)，SixtymillionyearsagoGiant’sCauseway（2）-astretchofbasalticrockpillarsweatheredtodifferentheightsandpresentingasteppedsurfaceonthenorthcoastofNorthernIreland.37,000columnsformedbycoolinglava.-legend:FinnMaCoolbuiltittocrosstheseatoScotlandGiant’scauseway（3）Prodigiousskills(鬼斧神工)ofNature:ClimateandWeather•Amaritimetypeofclimate:rainy,changeableandunpredictable•rarelyrisingabove32℃insummerorfallsbelow–10℃inwinter.mildwintersandcoolsummersPopulation•Thetotalpopulation:about62000000(2009)•Highlyurbanized:80%livingincitiesand20%livinginthecouryside•Themostdenselypopulatedarea:England•Theleastpopulatedarea:NorthernIreland•Amultiracialsocietywhichproducesapopulationofwhich1in20areofnon-Europeanethnicity.•Theofficiallanguage:EnglishMountainsandRivers•Pennines:Chiefmountainranges:theCambrianstheGrampiains•TheGrampians:thelargestmountianrangeintheUKBenNevis:thehighestmountainintheUKThelongestriverinEngland:RiverSevern（220miles，354km)NEWSEVERNBRIDGE:thelongestbridgeintheUK,connectingWalesandEnglandAnimportantriverinBritain:RiverThames•thesecondlongestriverintheUnitedKingdomandthelongestriverentirelyinEngland•bestkownforflowingthroughcentralLondon•itsstrategicpositionatthecentreofmanyeventsinBritishhistory•amajorleisureareasupportingtourismandpleasureoutingsaswellasthesportsofrowing,sailing.•aspecialappealtowriters,artists,musiciansandfilm-makersandiswellrepresentedinthearts•manyriversideattractions:LondonEye,towerofLondon,HouseofParliament,etc.DescriptionofRiverThamesbyT.S.Eliot(1888-1965)–SweetThamesrunsoftly,tillIendmysong.–Theriverbearsnoemptybottles,sandwichpapers,–Silkhandkerchiefs,cardboardboxescigaretteends–Orothertestimonyofsummernights.•and–Theriversweats–Oilandtar–Thebargesdrift–Withtheturningtide–Redsails–Wide–Toleeward,swingontheheavyspar,–Thebargeswash–Driftinglogs–DownGreenwichreach–PasttheIsleofDogsMajorcities•London•Liverpool•Cardiff•BelfastLondon•-seatofgovernment-centerofculture-businesscenter-industrialcenter-largestpopulation-hometoallmedia-galleries,theatres,museums-combiningfunctionsofNewYork,Washington&LosAngeles-Oneofthefourleaingcitiesintheworld:NewYork,Paris,TokyoLondon•Thecapital,thelargestportandthelargestcityinBritain•TheCityofLondon+InnerLondon+OuterLondon=GreaterLondon•Thecommercialcenter:theWestEnd•Thepoliticalcenter:theCityofWebminster(Downingstreet,BuckinghamPalace)•Theculturalcenter:LondonUniversity(thebiggest)•Thecenterof