美国文学(1)殖民地时期文学

美国文学史及选读HistoryAndAnthologyofAmericanLiterature主讲教师：吴静副教授TableofContentsTableofContentsIntroductionBriefOutlineofAmericanLiteratureChapterIColonialPeriodIntroductionAmericanLiteratureAmericanliteratureistheliteratureproducedinAmericanEnglishbyAmericancitizens.Canonofliteratureconcurrenceofciritcspersistentinfluencefrequentreferencetoanauthororworkwildspreadassignmentideology,politicalinterestandvalueofeliteclassHistoricalOverview•ColonialPeriod(1607-1765)殖民时期•Enlightenment&theWarofIndependence(1765-1800)启蒙时期•RomanticPeriod（1800-1865）浪漫主义时期•RealisticPeriod(1865-1918)现实主义时期•Modernism(1918-1945)现代主义时期•ContemporaryLiterature(1945-)当代文学ColonialPeriod(1607-1775)ChapterOne主要内容:Generalbackground,majorwritersandtheirworks重点难点:AmericanPuritanismanditsinfluenceonAmericanLiteratureI.HistoricalIntroduction1earlyhistory:1)AmericawasfirstdiscoveredbyColumbusattheendofthe15thcentury.2)In1607,CaptainJohnSmithledsomeEnglishmenacrosstheocean(Jamestown,Virginia)3)In1620,102passengerssailedontheshipMayfloweracrosstheseaandsettledonthenewcontinent“NewEngland”.(Plymouth,Massachusetts)2.people:Indianswerenativeinhabitants.NowAmericansaremainlyimmigrantsmostlyfromEurope,esp.fromEngland.TheColonizationTheGreatDiscoveryoftheNewLandin1492byColumbusHenryVII,KingofEngland,establishedin1497aclaimtothecontinentaldomain.QueenElizabethcametothethroneofEnglandin1558,begantotakeaseriousinterestintherealestateintheNewWorld.Underherencouragement,manymerchantsandsailorshadbeguntheirexploringjourneysintotheNewLand.Amongthem,therewasapersonnamedCaptainJohnSmith.thefoundingofJamestowninVirginiain1607.3.WhatisthePuritan?(p7-9)PuritanisEnglishprotestant.TheyregardedthereformationoftheChurchunderElizabethasincomplete,andcalledforitsfurther“purification”fromwhattheyconsideredtobeunscripturalandcorruptformsandceremoniesretainedfromtheunreformedchurch.3.WhatisthePuritanism?(p7-9)PuritanismisareligiousandpoliticalmovementthatdevelopedinEnglandaboutthemiddleofthe16thcenturyandlaterspreadinfluenceintotheNewEnglandinAmerica.The17thcenturyAmericanPuritansincludedtwoparts:onepartofthemwerethecreatorsofthePlymouth(普利茅斯)colony,called“Separatists”.TheotherpartwastheEnglishmenintheMassachusettsBayColony.ThoughtheycamelaterthanthoseofPlymouthcolony,theywerericherandbetter-educated.TheirBeliefsTheyregardedthemselvesaschosenpeopleofGod.Theyembracedhardships,industryandfrugality.Theyfavoredadisciplined,hard,somber,asceticandharshlife.Theyopposedartsandpleasure.Theysuspectjoyandlaughterassymptomsofsin.MainDoctrinesofAmericanPuritanism1)thedoctrineofpredestination,originalsinandatonement.2)StrongSenseofMission:PuritansdreamedoflivingunderaperfectorderandworkedwithahopetobuildaGardenofEdeninAmerica.Thisshowsthattheyareindeedidealists.3)Puritanismencouragedpeopletostruggleintheircareer.Ifone’sbusinesswasbooming,itprovedthathehadgainedgod’sprovidence.4)Puritansstressedhardwork,thrift,pietyandsobriety.Inpeople’sdailylife,religiousactivitieswereamatteroffirstimportance.Theirlivesweredisciplinedandhard.4.WhydidPuritanscometoAmerica?(1)toreformtheChurchofEngland(2)tohaveanentirelynewchurch(3)toescapereligiouspersecution*God’schosenpeople*ToseekanewGardenofEden*Tobuild“CityofGodonearth”II.EarlyAmericanWritersandPoets1.South,Jamestown,Virginia:CaptainJohnSmith---firstAmericanwriter;8worksContributions:hisdescriptionofAmericawerefilledwiththemes,myths,images,scenes,charactersandeventsthatwereafoundationforthenation’sliterature.HeluredthePilgrimsintofleeinghereandcreatingaNewland.2.North,NewEngland,PuritanWritersWilliamBradford:firstgovernorofPlymouth,TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation,simplicity,earnestness,directreporting,readable,moving.JohnWinthrop:firstgovernorofBoston,TheHistoryofNewEngland,3.TwoPoets:AnneBradstreet,EdwardTaylorJohnSmith(1580-1631)1.Introductiontotheauthor(1)HewasanEnglishsoldier,sailor,andauthor(2)HeisrememberedforhisroleinestablishingthefirstpermanentEnglishsettlementinNorthAmericaatJamestown,Virginia.HewasaleaderoftheVirginia佛吉尼亚州Colony(basedatJamestown)betweenSeptember1608andAugust1609,andledanexplorationalongtheriversofVirginiaandtheChesapeakeBay.切萨皮克湾[ChesapeakeBay]美国东部大西洋沿岸的海湾。南段在弗吉尼亚，北段在马里兰，长311千米，宽5～40千米面积约8,365平方千米。有多条河流注入，其中包括萨斯奎汉纳河、帕塔克森特河、波托马克河和詹姆斯河。詹姆斯敦是海湾区的第一个欧洲人居住区，建于1607年。一年后，J.史密斯船长探测并绘制了海湾及其各河口的地图。切萨皮克湾的水域有丰富的海洋生物，但到20世纪70年代，周围地区的开发使得海湾的污染严重，捕鱼量急遽下降。为了弥补损失政府已采取了各种措施。2.Hisliteraryachievements(1)HeisthefirstAmericanWriter.Hisfirstliteraryworkcomesfrompartofaletterwiththetitle“ATrueRelationofSuchOccurrencesandAccidentsofNoteasHathHappenedinVirginiaSincetheFirstPlantingofThatColony”(1608).(2)AMapofVirginia:withaDescriptionoftheCountry(1621)(3)GeneralHistoryofVirginia(1624)波卡洪塔斯[Pocahontas]波瓦坦族印第安妇女，在弗吉尼亚州的詹姆斯敦善待殖民者，从而维护了英国殖民者与美洲土著之间的和平。为有权势的波瓦坦人酋长之女。她插手营救了被俘的殖民地创建者J.史密斯。其后她改信了基督教，并与殖民地开拓者J.罗尔夫结婚，进一步确保了双方的和平。她后来到英国旅行，获国王接见，但在英国死于天花。WilliamBradford(1590-1657)Bradford'sstatueinPlymouthRockStatePark,Plymouth,MassachusettsWilliamBradford(1590-1657)1.Introductiontotheauthor(1)WilliamBradfordwasaleaderoftheSeparatistsettlersofthePlymouthColonyinMassac