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1.alliterationDefinition:therepetitionofthesamesoundsorofthesamekindsofsoundsatthebeginningofwordsorinstressedsyllablesofanEnglishlanguagephrase.Examples:Ihaveadreamthatmyfourlittlechildrenwillonedayliveinanationwheretheywillnotbejudgedbythecoloroftheirskinbutbythecontentoftheircharacter.-MartinLutherKing,Jr.We,thepeople,declaretodaythatthemostevidentoftruths—thatallofusarecreatedequal—isthestarthatguidesusstill;justasitguidedourforebearsthroughSenecaFalls,andSelma,andStonewall;justasitguidedallthosemenandwomen,sungandunsung,wholeftfootprintsalongthisgreatMall,tohearapreachersaythatwecannotwalkalone;tohearaKingproclaimthatourindividualfreedomisinextricablyboundtothefreedomofeverysoulonEarth.-BarackObama2.assonanceDefinition:Therepetitionofidenticalorsimilarvowelsoundsinneighboringwordstocreateinternalrhymingwithinphrasesorsentences,andtogetherwithalliterationandconsonanceservesasoneofthebuildingblocksofverse.Examples:Softlanguageissuedfromtheirspitlesslipsastheyswishedinlowcirclesroundandroundthefield,windinghitherandthitherthroughtheweeds,draggingtheirlongtailsamidtherattlingcanisters.(JamesJoyce,PortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan,1916)Thespiderskinslieontheirsides,translucentandragged,theirlegsdryinginknots.(AnnieDillard,HolytheFirm,1977)3.consonanceDefinition:Broadly,therepetitionofconsonantsounds;morespecifically,therepetitionofthefinalconsonantsoundsofaccentedsyllablesorimportantwords.Examples:’TwaslaterwhenthesummerwentThanwhenthecricketcame,AndyetweknewthatgentleclockMeantnoughtbutgoinghome.’TwassoonerwhenthecricketwentThanwhenthewintercame,YetthatpatheticpendulumKeepsesoterictime.(EmilyDickinson,’Twaslaterwhenthesummerwent)4.onomatopoeiaDefinition:Onomatopoeiaisdefinedasaword,whichimitatesthenaturalsoundsofathing,whichitdescribes.Itcreatesasoundeffectthatmakesthethingdescribed,makingtheideamoreexpressiveandinteresting.Examples:Thebuzzingbeeflewaway.Thesackfellintotheriverwithasplash.Thebooksfellonthetablewithaloudthump.Helookedattheroaringsky.Therustlingleaveskeptmeawake.agroupofwordsreflectingdifferentsoundsofwaterare;bloop,splash,gush,sprinkle,drizzle,dripetc.Similarly,wordslikegrowl,giggle,grunt,murmur,blurt,chatteretc.denotedifferentkindsofhumanvoices.Moreover,wecanidentifyagroupofwordsrelatedtodifferentsoundsofwind,suchas;swish,swoosh,whiff,whoosh,whizz,whisperetc.5.simileDefinition:Asimileisafigureofspeechthatmakesacomparison,showingsimilaritiesbetweentwodifferentthings.Unlikeametaphor,asimiledrawsresemblancewiththehelpofwords“like”or“as”.Therefore,itisdirectcomparison.Examples:1.WrittenbyJosephConrad,“Iwouldhavegivenanythingforthepowertosootheherfrailsoul,tormentingitselfinitsinvincibleignorancelikeasmallbirdbeatingaboutthecruelwiresofacage.”2.Inhernovel“TotheLighthouse”,VirginiaWoolfcomparesthevelocityofherthoughtsaboutthetwomenwiththatofspokenwords.“...impressionspouredinuponherofthosetwomen,andtofollowherthoughtwaslikefollowingavoicewhichspeakstooquicklytobetakendownbyone’spencil...”3.RobertBurnsusesasimiletodescribebeautyofhisbeloved.“OmyLuve’slikeared,redroseThat’snewlysprunginJune;OmyLuve’slikethemelodieThat’ssweetlyplayedintune.”6.metaphorDefinition:Metaphorisafigureofspeechmakesanimplicit,impliedorhiddencomparisonbetweentwothingsorobjectsthatarepolesapartfromeachotherbuthavesomecharacteristicscommonbetweenthem.Inotherwords,aresemblanceoftwocontradictoryordifferentobjectsismadeonasingleorsomecommoncharacteristics.Examples:1.“Sheisallstates,andallprinces,I.”JohnDonne,ametaphysicalpoet,waswell-knownforhisabundantuseofmetaphorsthroughouthispoeticalworks.Inhiswell-knownwork“TheSunRising,”thespeakerscoldsthesunforwakinghimandhisbeloved.Amongthemostevocativemetaphorsinliterature,heexplains“sheisallstates,andallprinces,I.”Thislinedemonstratesthespeaker’sbeliefthatheandhisbelovedarericherthanallstates,kingdoms,andrulersintheentireworldbecauseofthelovethattheyshare.2.“ShallICompareTheetoasummer’sDay”,WilliamShakespearewasthebestexponentoftheuseofmetaphors.Hispoeticalworksanddramasallmakewide-ranginguseofmetaphors.“Sonnet18,”alsoknownas“ShallICompareTheetoaSummer’sDay,”isanextendedmetaphorbetweentheloveofthespeakerandthefairnessofthesummerseason.Hewritesthat“thyeternalsummer,”heretakentomeantheloveofthesubject,“shallnotfade.”3.“Beforehigh-pil’dbooks,incharact’ry/Holdlikerichgarnersthefull-ripenedgrain,”ThegreatRomanticpoetJohnKeatssufferedgreatlossesinhislife–thedeathofhisfatherinanaccident,andofhismotherandbrotherwiththetuberculosis.Whenhebegandisplayingsignsoftuberculosishimselfattheageof22,hewrote“WhenIHaveFears,”apoemrichwithmetaphorsconcerninglifeanddeath.Intheline“beforehigh-pil’dbooks,incharact’ry/Holdlikerichgarnersthefull-ripenedgrain”,heemploysadouble-metaphor.Writingpoetryisimplicitlycomparedwithreapingandsowing,andboththeseactsrepresenttheemptinessofalifeunfulfilledcreatively.7.metonymyDefinition:ItisafigureofspeechthattakestheplaceofthenameofathingwiththenameofsomethingelsewithwhichitiscloselyassociatedExamples:Englanddecidestokeepcheckonimmigration.(Englandreferstothegovernment.)Thesui