英语简单句的五种基本句型英语五种基本句型:1.S+V(主+谓)2.S+V+P(主+系+表)3.S+V+O(主+谓+宾)4.S+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)5.S+V+O+OC(主+谓+宾+宾补)基本句型IS+V+P(主+系+表)此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound;2.表示状态延续的remain,stay,keep,continue,stand;3.表示状态变化的become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow;be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.Thecaketastesdelicious.Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.Deepwaterstaysstill.练习1今天我感觉不太舒服。2他看上去很累。3你的汤味道很好。4她似乎对计划不感兴趣。Idon’tfeelverywelltoday.Helooksverytired.Yoursouptastesverygood.Shedoesn’tseemveryinterestedintheplan.5天越来越冷了。6孩子不久就睡着了。7他长得相当高了。8听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。It’sgettingcold.Soonthechildfellasleep.Shewentpaleatthenews.Hehasgrownquitetall.基本句型IIS+V(主+谓)此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。如:Thesunrises.Tomhasalreadyleft.主语可有修饰语-定语,谓语可有修饰语-状语。如:1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlysoastohelpfarmerspickfreshapple.4.Shesatunderthetreealone,readinganovelwrittenbyHellenKeller.5.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.练习1鸟在飞翔。2她的宝宝在哭。3太阳正在落山。4谁也没笑。Birdsareflying.Herbabyiscrying.Thesunissetting.Noonelaughed.练习25你唱得很美。6我咳了一夜。7我们很少在外边吃饭。8昨天发生了事故。Yousingbeautifully.Icoughedallnight.Weseldomdineout.Theaccidentoccurredyesterday.•常用的不及物动词(vi.)•run,swim,jump,rise,laugh,fly,come,go等。属性动词:wash,sell,record,wear,read,write等与well,easily等副词连用,也构成主谓。基本句型IIIS+V+O(主+谓+宾)此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。如:1.Tommadeaholeinthewall.2.Idon’tknowifhecancometomorrow.3.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretogonext.4.ShestoppedteachingEnglishtwoyearsago.5.Ittookthemtenyearstobuildthedam.7.Motherpromisestogivemeapresent.练习11过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。2他们很快控制了病情。3他们只是在建空中楼阁。We’veachievedalotinthepasttwentyyears.Theysooncontrolledthedisease.Theyarejustbuildingcastlesintheair.4我十分欣赏你们的表演。5顾客要求退款。6这会造成错误的印象。7我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。Ienjoyedeveryminuteofyourperformance.Thecustomerdemandedarefund.WealwaysexchangeChristmasgifts.Thatwillcreateawrongimpression.基本句型IVS+V+IO+DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人,另一个是指物,通常指人的宾语用一个介词(to或for)来连接,当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时,这一介词往往被省略。说明:此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(事物)”组成。如:Shebringsmecookieseveryday.但若要先说出直接宾语(事物),后说间接宾语(人),则要借助于介词to或for。如:Shebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to侧重指动作的方向,表示朝着,向着,对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者,表示为了某人,替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有:(需借助to的)bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等;(需借助for的)buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。常跟双宾语的动词•give,offer,teach,tell,read,ask,bring,pass,lend,return,write,throw,allow,send,cost•make,buy,do,get,save,cook,sing,find等。tofortake,give,teach,bring,lend,mail,offer,pass,hand,sell,send,show,throw,answer,award,write,grant,permit,promise,paydo,buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,leave,make,order,paint,play(演奏),save,sing,练习1她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。2我去给你沏点新鲜茶。3这会省去你很多麻烦。4请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。ShesangusanEnglishsong.I’llmakeyousomefreshtea.Thatwillsaveyoualotoftrouble.Pleasefetchmetoday’spaper.4把车钥匙递给我。5把你们的计划用传真发给我们。6你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我?7把那本书扔给我。Handmethecarkey.Pleasefaxusyourplans.Throwmethatbook.Canyoue-mailmethebooklist?基本句型VS+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补)此句型的句子特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。英语基本句型4主+谓+宾+补说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有:名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,动词不定式,分词等。如:Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.TheymadeTommonitor.Heusedtodohishomeworkwithhisradioon.用it做形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面,以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的句型结构方式。即:主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如:Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.•常用的带复合宾语的动词•think,consider,feel,find,have,see,hear,notice,get,leave,ask,tell,etc.•1.PeopleconsiderYaomingtobethesoulofChinesebasketball.•2.YaomingisconsideredtobethesoulofChinesebasketball.•3.Theteacher‘spraiseremindedmetostudyeverharder.练习11我们把窗框漆成了黄色。2她把连衣裙染成淡蓝色。3他发现这工作很有意思。4什么使你这样生气?Wepaintedthewindowframesyellow.Shedyedherdresslightblue.Hefoundthejobquiteinteresting.Whatmadeyousoangry?5我们必须在半小时内把晚饭做好。6你们必须保持房间干净。7我认为这没有必要。8不久他们就把她释放了。Wemustgetthesupperreadyinhalfanhour.Youmustkeeptheroomclean.Soontheysetherfree.Idon’tthinkitnecessary.英语基本句型6Therebe句型说明:此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成,用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况,主语位于谓语动词be之后,there仅为引导词,并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词,而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive等。如:Therestandsahillinthemiddleofthepark.Onceuponatimetherelivedanoldkinginthetown.Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致,有时态和情态变化。如:现在有thereis/are…过去有therewas/were…将来有therewillbe…;thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen…可能有theremightbe...肯定有theremustbe…/theremusthavebeen...过去曾经有thereusedtobe…似乎有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe…碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe…巩固练习:1.这个村子过去只有一口井。2.客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。3.天气预报说下午有大风。4.灯亮着,办公室里肯定有人。5.战前这儿一直有家电影院的.6.恰好那时房里没人。7.从前,在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。8.公共汽车来了。9.就只剩下二十八美元了。10.铃响了。1.Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.2.AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.3.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwind