功率GN器件的特性与系统设计应用功率GaN器件的特性与系统设计应用丁宇万国半导体元件(深圳)有限公司上海分公司丁宇万国半导体元件(深圳)有限公司上海分公司议程宽禁带功率半导体市场宽禁带功率半导体市场GaN器件的基本结构及特性GN器件驱动回路的设计及注意事项GaN器件驱动回路的设计及注意事项GaN器件应用于硬开关拓扑GN器件应用于软开关谐振类拓扑GaN器件应用于软开关谐振类拓扑小结宽禁带功率半导体市场分析GaN基本器件结构GhdihlbiliiGaNEnhancement mode High Electron Mobility Transistor横向二维电子气结构提供很高的电荷密度和迁移率.对于增强模式GaN器件, 0V或负压Vgs阻断二维电子气使器件关断. 高于Vth的偏置电压开通二维对增模式件,或负g阻断维子气使件关断高偏开维电子气实现器件的导通.可用标准的硅衬底实现以降低成本.设计技术优化主要实现结构对比级联式耗尽型HEMT+低压FET单片增强型HEMT单片增强型HEMT主要实现结构对比耗尽型HEMT低压FET增强型HEMT增强型HEMTCascode结构P‐门极结构AOSGaNBufferSubstrateGaNAlGaNGateBufferSubstrateGaNAlGaNMISBufferSubstrateGaNAlGaNP‐GaN低Low Ron,sp栅极漏电流低‒‐18V VTH ‐4V非原生MIS结构常闭0.5V VTH 2V更低Ron,sp高可靠性常闭0.5V VTH 2V更低Ron,sp高可靠性‒非原生MIS结构‒需要串联MOS‒dI/dt可控度低‒LVMOSFET Qrr高可靠性开通di/dt可控Qrr为0栅极漏电流高‒栅极震荡有限高可靠性开启时的di/dt可控Qrr为0栅极漏电流低栅极AC性能强壮栅极震荡有限栅极性能强壮(‐10 +10)增强型反向导通增型有类似反向极管特性增强型GaN有类似反向二极管特性但是没有Qrr(少数载流子),实际上是channel的反向导通30正常模式1020A)VGS = 0VVGS = 2VVGS = 4VVGS = 6V‐100‐5‐4‐3‐2‐1012345IDS(A‐Vth‐30‐20V(V)反向VDS(V)Qrr/Qoss机理“零”反向恢复Qrr/ Qoss机理不同拓扑恢复机理不同必须从所有应用综合考虑–不能只参考数据手册SiMOSFETGaNCascodeGaNEM必须从所有应用综合考虑不能只参考数据手册•温度影响/ dI/dt 影响SiMOSFETGaN CascodeGaN EMQrrQossQrr=uCQrr=nCQrr=nCGaNSiQossQrr+QossQossQrr= uCVF= 0.7VQrr= nCVF= 0.7V+ IRonQrr= nCVF~2~3VVF(synch) =IRonGaN和SJ电容曲线对比GaN: 650V / 85mohm99mohm –SJ很明显,GaN的Coss曲线更线性化,其值也更低–零电压转换特性更好减少损耗GaN和SJQoss曲线对比GaN: 650V / 85mohm99mohm –SJGN的Q约为SJ的1/5~1/10GaN的Qoss约为SJ的1/5~1/10‐谐振电路应用中减少死区时间增强模式GaN驱动问题避免illiddhhh避免Miller‐induced shoot‐throughHigh dv/dtand di/dtcombined with low Cissand Vg(th) need to protect gate spikes from going above threshold or maximum rating under miller effect for safe operation.Gate ringing or sustained oscillation may occur if the design is not done properly and may lead to device failure.驱动回路的寄生电感增强模式GaN驱动问题驱动回路的寄生电感For a given gate loop inductance there will be a minimum source resistance value needed to keep Vgsfrom exceeding its maximum limit. So the pull‐up resistance of the gate drive path should be adjusted for a given gate loop layout to ensure at least near critical damping to limit overshoot/ringing.Thus the inductance of the gate loop will directly limit the switching speed of the device so take care to minimize it to get maximum efficiency.增强模式GaN驱动问题低侧d问题低侧GaNCommon Source Inductance问题Negative spike on the gate‐source terminals during turn‐on may damage GaNdevice.Positive spike on the gate‐source terminals during turn‐off can active GaNdevices and cause shootpgg‐through .硬开关应用:无桥同步无桥PFC / 同步Buck(i为什么GN适合硬开关?)(i.e. 为什么GaN 适合硬开关?)各种拓扑应用统计AC/DC电源各种拓扑应用统计优点和缺点标准AC/DC PFC Boost变换器优点和缺点..标准变换器: 输入整流桥损耗…•SiCSBD反向恢复问题最小化•SiC SBD 反向恢复问题最小化BoostDiode输入整流桥= 固定损耗‐30‐50% 的损耗单开关+ SiCSBD (低反向恢复)D1D1BoostDiodeACS1LoadSi diodesD4D3Target Application: Bridgeless PFCGaN SMPS for servers / telecomTrends to higher power density.Hhi152Xi?How to achieve 1.5‐2X power in same space? Double power per rack from ~30‐40W/in380W/in31.6kW semi‐BL PFC•SJ + SiC SBD•fsw~ 65kHzN96%•N = 96%2‐3kW InterleavedBridgeless PFC•70‐85mW GaNf100kHInterleavedGaN85mHF LLCGaN85m•fsw~ 100kHz•N = 97‐98%无桥PFC拓扑无桥PFC Boost无桥PFC w/2 DC boosts (每半个周期)低共模噪声‐减小整流桥二极管压降‐负半周输出地有共模噪声‐S1,S2 体二极管HF–无CCM‐低共模噪声‐4个二极管, 2 个开关管, D3,D4 为低速二极管, D1,D2 为快恢复二极管‐需要2个电感GaNACQ1Q2S1+-GaNGaNSiSi无桥PFC Boost w/ 双向器件:‐二极管与输入输出相连= 低共模噪声体极管无图腾柱无桥PFC Boost‐Q1,Q2 high speed GaN‐低共模噪声Q2S2‐S1,S2 体二极管HF–无CCM‐栅极驱动复杂‐D1,D3 为快恢复二极管; D2,D4 为低速二极管‐S1/S1 相同PWM‐但是–体二极管反向恢复–无CCM模式1kW 图腾柱PFC 效率99%+99.4Using Standard Si Gate Driver!98.298.498.698.89999.2ciency (%)97.497.697.89898.2020040060080010001200EfficVin=230Vac, Vout=385VPin (W)50607080re (oC)1020304050TemperaturSurface Temperature•全数字控制•f=100kHz0020040060080010001200Pin (W)f100kHz标准Sync Buck 拓扑输入k拓扑48V 输入Sync Buck 拓扑应用GaN减小开关损耗,消除反向恢复问题相对于传统SiMOS需要注意减小死区时间.GaN DC/DC 48V:12V Sync Buck100V GaN: AOCA007G10 x 2 Sync Buck EvalBoard48:12V97%98%94%95%96%iency(%)GaN92%93%94%EfficFs=300kHzFs=500kHzFs=1MHz91%123456789101112131415Load Current(A)GaN DC/DC 48V:12V Sync BuckGaNvs. Si 波形对比48V‐12V/10A, 下管关断100V GaN: AOCA007G10=96.8%@ 500kHz Si 100V OptiMOS=92.8% @ 500kHzkPeak VDS= 50VPeak VDS= 68V300KHz300KHz5ns15ns5ns/div5ns/divCould easily use 80V GaN due to low inductance/overshootGaN DC/DC 48V Sync Buck高频(MHz+) 超小占空比提供卓越的效率48V:1VGaN Sync Buck@1MHz@ 1 MHz80%85%90%70%75%80%cy(%)55%60%65%EfficiencFs=300kHzFs=500kHz40%45%50%Fs‐500kHz Asymmetric123456789101112131415Load Current(A)软开管/谐振类应用:ACF/LLC(i为什么GN适合软开关?)(i.e. 为什么GaN适合软开关?)传统反激变换器的限制因素diillbkCSiClTraditional FlybackConverter SW + Passive Clamp Power LossSWmKOUTCLAMPCLAMPCLAMPfILNVVVP2)(21SWBULKSWSWITCHINGfVCP221Both PCLAMP& PSWproportionally increases with fSW,it’s the key limitation of traditional flybackconverter run in high switching frequency!ACF反激变换器是大势所趋No RCD clamp losses, all leakage Key advantage of ACFp,genergy is recovered. (transformer design flexibility)ZVS soft switching over entire goperation range.ZCS soft turn‐off for output rectifier, no r