主讲:刘军士speaker:Liujunshi液压挖掘机液压挖掘机液压挖掘机培训教材Hydraulicexcavatorstrainingmaterials2SANYGROUP定义:挖掘机是一种主要用于开挖土石方的施工机械。Definition:Anexcavatorisusedintheexcavationofearthandconstructionmachinery2工作过程:它是用铲斗上的斗齿切削土壤并装入斗内,装满土后提升铲斗并回转到卸土地点卸土,然后再使转台回转、铲斗下降到挖掘面,进行下一次挖掘。WorkingScoop:Itusesthetoothofthebuckettocutsoilandpackedinsidethebucket.Fillthebucketwithsoilandupgradebacktothepointofdumping,andthenrotatetheplatform,dropthebuckettothetapsurface,thenthenextexcavation.3用途:挖掘机在建筑、筑路、水利、电力、采矿、石油、天然气管道铺设和军事工程中被广泛地使用。Excavatorsuses:inbuildingroads,water,power,mining,oilandgaspipelinelayingprojecthasbeenthewidespreaduseofthemilitary.3SANYGROUP主要作业对象:挖掘机主要用于筑路工程中的路基开挖,建筑工程中开挖基础,水利工程中开挖沟渠、运河和疏浚河道,在采石场、露天开采等工程中剥离和矿石的挖掘等。据统计,工程施工中约60%的土石方量是靠挖掘机完成的。Mainoperatingtargetformajorhighwayprojects:theexcavatorusedinsubgradeexcavation,constructionexcavationfoundationExcavationofwaterditches,canalsandriverdredging,quarries,opencastminingprojectssuchasstrippingandoremining.Accordingtostatistics,about60%ofearthworkconstructioniscompletedbytheexcavator5其它用途:挖掘机更换工作装置后还可进行浇筑、起重、安装、打桩、夯土和拔桩等作业。Otheruses:replacementofthedevicesalsocatchexcavators,cranes,theinstallationofthepile,RammingandtheDiocesanpilingoperations.4SANYGROUP℃~55℃。Hydraulicexcavatorsnormalworkingtemperature:-20°C~55°C6.2液压挖掘机应能在Ⅲ级土壤中正常作业,对冻土层和岩石,需松裂和爆破后方可施工,且须使用岩石型铲斗进行作业;岩石型铲斗斗齿须满足JG/T90-1999的要求.Ⅲsoilhydraulicexcavatorshouldbeabletoworknormally,andtherocklayerofpermafrost,andtheneedtosplitthesongblastingbeforeconstruction.Rockrequirestheuseofbucketforoperations;RockBucketToothJG/T90-1999mustmeettherequirements5SANYGROUP轮胎式挖掘机在岩石工况作业时,对轮胎进行必要的保护。Tireexcavatorisoperatedinrockcondition,thetiresshouldhavenecessaryprotection.6.4海拔3000m能正常工作。altitudeof3,000mworknormally6.5能在沙漠、盐碱地区工作。Worknormallyinthedesert,salinedistrict6.6适于各种湿度地区工作,最大相对湿度要满足100%。Inhumidityareas,theyarealsosuitableforallkindsofwork,tomeet100%relativehumidity.6SANYGROUP’development8SANYGROUP)1837年第一台挖掘机在美国诞生----以蒸汽作动力的动力铲2)1900年第一台以柴油机作动力的挖掘机问世3)1954年第一台全液压挖掘机在德国出现4)1961年日本从欧美引进了液压挖掘机技术5)1985年第一台全电脑控制的液压挖掘机在日本出现Excavatorforeignhistoryofthedevelopment:1)1837thefirstexcavatorintheUnitedStateswasborn-tosteam-drivenpowershovel2)in1900thefirstdieselenginetopowerfortheexcavatormade3)In1954firsthydraulicexcavatorinGerman4)In1961JapanintroducedahydraulicexcavatortechnicalfromEuropeandtheUnitedStates5)In1985thefirstofallcomputer-controlledhydraulicexcavatorswascomeintobeinginJapan9SANYGROUP)1954年生产出第一台机械式挖掘机2)1960年开始研制液压挖掘机3)1970年以后测绘国外样机仿制全液压挖掘机取得成功4)1982年起挖掘机行业第一次全面引进德国公司的液压挖掘机技术及配套件技术Thehistoryofthedevelopmentofdomesticexcavator1)in1954producedthefirstmechanicaldigger2)in1960begandevelopinghydraulicexcavator3)in1970aftermappingforeignprototypehydraulicexcavatorsuccessfulimitation4)since1982ExcavatorthefirstGermancompanytoimportthetechnologyandaccessorieshydraulicexcavatortechnology10SANYGROUP)1990年机械工业部组织引进日本小松液压挖掘机技术6)1990年玉柴研制成功了机重1.3吨的微型挖掘机7)1993年国外二手机开始在中国内地大量销售使用8)1995年-1998年国外10家著名公司开始在中国建合资与独资企业9)1998年上海建筑机械厂破产被上海彭浦机械厂兼并5)1990MachineryIndustryMinistryandJapanKomatsuhydraulicexcavatortechnology6)1990YuchaisuccessMachinery1.3tonsofminiexcavators7)1993foreigntwocellphonesinmainlandChinasellinglargequantitiesofused8)1995-1998,10foreignwell-knowncompaniesinChina,jointventuresandwholly-ownedenterprises9)in1998ShanghaiConstructionMachineryWorksbankruptcyShanghaiEffectivenessEvaluationonthePengpuMachineryPlantmerger11SANYGROUP按机重分类可分成:Classificationbyheavymachinecanbedividedinto:微型(小型)micro(small)G≤6t中小型midandmicro6t<G≤16t中型Medium16t<G≤40t大型Large40t<G≤100t特大型vastLargeG>100t13SANYGROUP国内外普遍使用原则是:Homeandabroadcommonlyusedare40t以上的大型机以正铲为主,单用途:挖掘theexcavatorsmorethan40tmainlybyfrontshovel,singlepurpose:excavating6t以下的小(微)型机以履带(全部)反铲为主,多用途theexcavatorsbelow6tmainlycrawlerandbackhoe,multi-purposes.10t-22t之间的挖掘机轮式与履式混用,以履式占绝大多数,挖掘为主兼顾多用途.10-22t’sexcavatorshavewheeledandcrawlerones,mainlyarecrawlers,whichhavemulti-purposes.22t以上的挖掘机全部为履带式挖掘机alloftheabove22texcavatorsarecrawlerexcavators14SANYGROUP按传动方式分类:bymeansofdrivingcanbeclassified液压传动挖掘机和机械传动挖掘机hydraulicandmechanicaltransmissionexcavators3.3按作业方式分类:classificationbyexcavatoroperations单斗与多斗挖掘机singleandmulti-bucketsexcavators3.4按行走方式分类:Classificationbyrunningmode履带式与轮胎式挖掘机(还有步履式、拖式、轨道式等)crawlerandwheeledexcavators(andwalker,towed.Rail)15SANYGROUP按动力方式分类:Dynamicclassificationbytheway内燃驱动(柴油机)与电力驱动挖掘机DieselDriving(Diesel)andpower-drivenexcavators3.6按使用条件方式分类:Underconditionsofusemethodstoclassification专用型挖掘机(常说的矿山型)与通用型挖掘机(建筑型)Specialtypeexcavator(oftensaythattheminetype)andUniversalExcavator(BC-)本文主要讲:单斗履带式液压挖掘机Thisarticlestresses:SingleBuckett