Stephen-Crane课件

StephenCranePresentedbytheSecondGroupBriefIntroductionAnAmericannovelist,short-storywriter,poetandjournalist;WrotenotableworksintheRealisttraditionaswellasearlyexamplesofAmericanNaturalismandImpressionism;Recognizedbymoderncriticsasoneofthemostinnovativewritersofhisgeneration;HewasbornintoaNewJerseyMethodistclergyman’sfamily.Hisparentshadfourteenchildrenandhewasthelastoneandhewasalwayssickwhenhewasveryyoung.Whenhewaseightyearsoldhisfartherdied,hismotherleftandhewasleftinthecareofhisbrother.Thestressofthelife,compoundedbyanalmostblatant（公然的）disregardforhisownhealth,ledtohiscontractingtuberculosis（肺结核）.HediedinJune1900,attheageof29.PersonalExperienceLifeinNewYorkCranestruggledtomakealivingasafree-lancewriter,contributingsketchesandfeaturearticlestovariousNewYorknewspapers.First-handknowledgeofNewYorkslumsareasfurnishedhimwithmaterialforhisMaggie:AGirloftheStreets,whichhepublishedprivatelybecauserejectedbyalleditorsandpublishers.Hepublishedhisfirstbookofpoems,TheBlackRiders,andhisnovel,TheRedBadgeofCouragein1895.HewashiredtogotoCubaasajournalisttocovertheSpanish-AmericanWar.Onthewaytotheisland,Cranewasinashipwreck.ThisexperiencedirectlyledtohismostfamousshortstoryTheOpenBoat.Novels:Maggie:AGirloftheStreets《街头女郎麦琪》（1893）TheRedBadgeofCourage《红色英勇勋章》（1895）TheOpenBoat《海上扁舟》（1898）thefirstworkofAmericanliteraryNaturalism.WORKSGeorge'sMother《乔治的母亲》TheBlueHotel《蓝色旅馆》TheBrideComestoYellowSky《新娘来到黄天镇》PoemsTheBlackRiders《黑骑者》（1895）WarIsKind《战争是仁慈的》（1899）TheCorrespondenceofStephenCrane《斯蒂芬·克莱恩书信集》（1898）WritingstyleCranewasapioneerwritinginthenaturalistictradition.Hisworksreflectmanyofthemajorartisticconcernsattheendofthenineteenthcentury,especiallynaturalism,impressionism,andsymbolism.Hisearlypoems,brief,quotable,withtheirunrhymed,unorthodox,conciseness,andimpressionisticimagery,wheretoexertasignificantinfluenceonmodernpoetry.Craneinitiatedthemoderntraditionoftellingthetruthatallcostsabouttheelementalhumansituation,andwritingaboutwarasarealhumanexperience.Manyreaders(includingHamlinGarlandandJosephConrad,whowerepersonalfriendsofCrane)haveusedtheterm“impressionist”todescribeCrane'svividrenderingsofvisualbeautyanduncertainty.