国际贸易第1章(经济全球化英文版)

================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载==============--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载---------------------~1~国际贸易第1章(经济全球化英文版)InternationalTradeChapterI.GlobalizationLEARNINGOBJECTIVESAfteryouhavereadthischapteryoushould:LO1Understandwhatismeantbythetermglobalization.LO2Befamiliarwiththemaindriversofglobalization.LO3Appreciatethechangingnatureoftheglobaleconomy.LO4Understandthemainargumentsinthedebateovertheimpactofglobalization.LO5Appreciatehavetheprocessofglobalizationiscreatingopportunitiesandchallengesfarbusinessmanagers.FlatPanelTelevisionsandtheGlobalEconomyTheybeginasglasspanelsthataremanufacturedinhigh-technologyfabricationcentersinSouthKorea,Taiwan,andJapan.================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载==============--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载---------------------~2~Operatingsophisticatedtoolinginenvironmentsthatmustbekeptabsolutelyclean,thesefactoriesproducesheetsofglasstwiceaslargeaskingsizebedstoexactingspecifications.Fromthere,theglasspanelstraveltoMexicanplantslocatedalongsidetheborder.Theretheyarecuttosize,combinedwithelectroniccomponentsshippedinfromAsiaandtheUnitedStates,assembledintofinishedTVs,andloadedontotrucksboundforretailstoresintheUnitedStates.It’sahugebusiness.In2006,consumersspentsome$billiononflatpanelTVs,a63percentincreaseovertheamountspentin2005.Projectionscallforsalestohit$37billionby2008-despitethefactthatduetointensecompetition,pricesforflatpaneldisplayshavebeentumblingandareprojectedtocontinuedoingso.During2006alone,pricesfor40-inchflatpanelTVsfellfrom$3,000to$1,600,bringing================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载==============--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载---------------------~3~themwithinthereachofmanymoreconsumers.In200?halfofallTVssoldintheUnitedStateswillbeflatpanelTVs.TheunderlyingtechnologyforflatpaneldisplayswasinventedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1960sbyRCA.ButafterRCAandrivalsWestinghouseandXeroxoptednottopursuethetechnology,theJapanesecompanySharpmadeaggressiveinvestmentsinflatpaneldisplays.Bytheearly1990sSharpwassellingthefirstflatpanelscreens,butastheJapaneseeconomyplungedintoadecade-longrecession,investmentleadershipshiftedtoSouthKoreancompaniessuchasSamsung.Thenthe1997AsiancrisishitKoreahard,andTaiwanesecompaniesseizedleadership.Today,Chinesecompaniesarestartingtoelbowtheirwayintotheflatpaneldisplaymanufacturingbusiness.Asproductionforflatpaneldisplaysmigratesitswayaroundtheglobeto================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载==============--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载---------------------~4~low-costlocations,clearwinnersandlosershaveemerged.OneobviouswinnerhasbeenU.S.consumers,whohavebenefitedfromthefallingpricesofflatpanelTVsandaresnappingthemupOtherwinnersincludeefficientmanufacturerswhohavetakenadvantageofgloballydispersedsupplychainstomakeandselllow-cost,high-qualityflatpanelTVs.ForemostamongthesehasbeentheCalifornia-basedcompany,Vizio.FoundedbyaTaiwaneseimmigrant,injustfouryearssalesofVizioflatpanelTVsballoonedfromnothingto$700millionin2006.Thecompanyisforecastingsalesashighas$2billionfor2007.Vizio,however,hasonly75employees.Theseemployeesfocusonfinalproductdesign,sales.andcustomerservice,whileViziooutsourcesmostofitsengineeringwork,allofitsmanufacturing,andmuchofitslogistics.Foreachofitsmodels,Vizioassemblesa================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载==============--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载---------------------~5~teamofsupplierpartnersstrungacrosstheglobe.Its42-inchflatpanelTV,forexample,containsapanelfromSouthKorea,electroniccomponentsfromChina,andprocessorsfromtheUnitedStates,anditisassembledinMexico.Vizio’smanagersscourtheglobecontinuallyforthecheapestmanufacturersofflatpaneldisplaysandelectroniccomponents.TheysellmostoftheirTVstolargediscountretailerssuchasCostcoandSam’sClub.Goodordervisibilityfromretailers,coupledwithtightmanagementofgloballogistics,allowsViziototurnoveritsinventoryeverythreeweeks,twiceasfastasmanyofitscompetitorswhichisamajorsourceofcostsavinginabusinesswherepricesarefallingcontinually.IfVizioexemplifiesthewinnersinthisglobalindustry,thelosersincludetheemployeesofmanufacturerswhomaketraditionalcathoderayTVsinhigh-cost================精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，欢迎阅读下载==============--------------------精选公文范文，管理类，工作总结类，工作计划类文档，感谢阅读下载---------------------~6~locations.In2006,forexample,JapaneseelectronicsmanufacturerSanyolaidoff300employeesatitsfactory,andanotherJapanesecompany,Hitachi,closeditsTVmanufacturingplantinSouthCarolina,layingoff200employees.BothSonyandHitachi,ofcourse,stillmakeTVs,buttheyareflatpanelTVsassembledinMexicofromcomponentsmanufacturedinAsia.IntroductionAfundamentalshiftisoccurring,intheworldeconomy.Wearemovingawayfromaworldinwhichnationaleconomieswererelativelyself-containedentities,isolatedfromeachotherbybarrierstocross-bordertradeandinvestment;bydistance,timezones,andlanguage;ardbynationaldifferencesingovernmentregulation,culture,andbusinesssystems.Andwearemovingtowardaworldinwhichharrie