挖掘机设计

第1页摘要随着社会的不断进步，改革开放的深入，我国的基础建设项目不断增多，对工程机械产品的需求量也越来越大。液压挖掘机是工程机械的重要产品之一，具有较高的技术含量。而无尾式小型液压挖掘机在我国的发展才刚刚起步，其技术还远远落后于国外。在参照和分析CASE系列和久保田系列小型液压挖掘机的基础上，设计了无尾式小型液压挖掘机。本文完成的主要工作有：1)建立了液压挖掘机主工作装置的数学模型；2)针对工作装置的计算工况，建立了相关的力学模型；3)确定了液压挖掘机的设计方案，完成了主要参数的设计计算；4)对主要工作装置的铰点和关键部位进行力学分析和计算；5)建立了底盘行走系的数学模型和结构模型；6)对底盘行走系的相关部件进行的校核计算；7)对整机的稳定性进行了分析和研究，并对其可能发生的失稳状态进行校核。关键词：液压挖掘机，主工作装置，底盘行走系，推土铲,挖掘装置第2页AbstractWiththedevelopmentofthesocietyandeconomyinChina,manyfundamentalengineeringprojectsneedtobecompletedbytheexcavators.Thehydraulicexcavatorisoneofthemostimportantconstructionmachineries.Thehydraulicexcavatorincludesthehighertechnicalspecification,anditisverydifficulttodesignthem.Butthedevelopmentofthesmallscaledhydraulicexcavatorwithnotailinourcountryjuststart,andthetechniquehasbeengotbehindwiththeabroadfarandfar.Inthisdesign,theseriesofCASEandKubotaarefollowed.Maincontentscontainedinthearticlearefollowing:1.Themathematicalmodelofthemainworkingequiphasbeenestablished.2.Accordingtoworkingcondition,thecorrelatedmechanicsmodelofthemainworkingequiphasbeenestablished.3.Offeringthescheduleofthehydraulicexcavatorandthemainparameters’calculation.4.Mechanicsanalyzingandthefulcrumsandimportantcomponentsofthemainworkingequip.5.Themathematicalmodelandstructuralmodelofchassismotiontrainhasbeenestablished.6.Checkingandcalculatingthestrengthofthecorrelatedcomponentsofthechassismotiontrainwithtraditionalmethod.7.Analyzingandresearchingthestabilityofthetotalmachine,andcheckingtheconditionwhichmaywillstability.Keywords:Hydraulicexcavator,workequipment,chassismotiontrain,earth-movingshovel，digequipment.第3页目录1绪论.............................................................11.1本课题的目的和意义..........................................11.2国内外小型挖掘机的发展情况..................................11.2.1国内小型挖掘机的发展现状..............................11.2.2国外挖掘机目前水平及发展动向..........................21.3本设计研究的主要内容........................................41.4本课题的技术难点及主要手段..................................42总体方案构思.....................................................62.1基本原理及主要工艺..........................................62.2主要构思方案................................................62.3本方案特点..................................................73动力系统的设计...................................................83.1牵引力和牵引功率的平衡.....................................83.1.1机械行驶作业过程中的阻力..............................83.1.2牵引工况时的牵引力平衡和牵引功率平衡..................93.1.3运输工况时的牵引力和牵引功率的平衡...................103.2发动机的选型...............................................113.2.1单斗液压挖掘机对柴油机的基本要求.....................113.2.2发动机功率的确定.....................................124工作装置的设计..................................................15第4页4.1工作装置总体方案的选择....................................154.1.1工作装置的总体结构...................................154.1.2动臂和斗杆结构形式的选取.............................164.2工作装置结构尺寸的确定.....................................174.2.1铲斗参数的选择.......................................174.2.2动臂和斗杆尺寸的确定.................................184.3液压缸的设计...............................................204.3.1系统工作压力的选取...................................204.3.2液压缸工作行程的确定.................................214.4设计的合理性分析..........................................224.4.1作业尺寸的校核.......................................224.4.2挖掘力的计算.........................................224.4.3主工作装置的强度校核.................................245行走装置的设计..................................................335.1行走装置的选型............................................335.2行走装置的设计............................................345.2.1履带的设计...........................................345.2.2驱动轮的设计.........................................385.2.3支重轮的设计.........................................415.2.4托轮的设计...........................................445.2.5导向轮及张紧装置的设计...............................455.2.6行走减速机、台车架、底架的设计.......................48第5页6回转机构的设计..................................................496.1回转支撑装置类型的选择.....................................496.2回转滚盘的计算与选型.......................................506.2.1计算回转支撑装置的最大静态载荷.......................506.2.2确定静态安全系数.....................................516.2.3选择滚盘型号和校核...................................516.3回转机构传动方式的选择.....................................537推土铲的设计....................................................547.1推土铲结构方案的选择.......................................547.2推土铲结构尺寸的确定.......................................547.2.1推土铲的宽度和高度...................................547.2.2曲面板的形状及参数...................................557.2.3切削刃的结构和参数...................................577.2.4顶推架的结构.........................................577.2.5推土铲液压缸的选取与铰点位置的确定...................578整机稳定性......................................................608.1挖掘机的稳定性.............................................608.2作业稳定性.................................................619使用与维护说明..................................................639.1液压挖掘机操作环境与使用条件...............................639.2液压挖掘机使用要求及说明...................................639.3液压挖掘机日常的维护与说明..............................