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第2次作业一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共5小题，每小题20分）1.Prehistoricmenandwomenenjoyedamorevarieddietthanpeopledonow,sincetheyatespeciesofplantandseveralhundredsthousandstypesoflivingthings.Butonlyatinypercentageofthesewereeverdomesticated.Modernshopshavehastenedatrendtowardsspecializationwhichbeganintheearliestdaysofagriculture.Thefoodoftherichcountrieshasbecomecheaperrelativetowages.Itisspeedilydistributedinsupermarkets.Butthechoiceannuallybecomeslessandlessgreat.Evenindividualfoodsthemselvesbecomemorestandardized.Weliveintheworldofcarrotspeciallybluntedinordertoavoidmakingaholeinthebag,andthetomatogrowntomeetademandforastandardweightofweightingtomatoestoakilo.SirivonReisasks:Onlythethreemajorcereals（谷物类食物）andperhapstenotherwidelycultivatedspeciesstandbetweenfamineandsurvivalfortheworld'shumanpopulationandahandfulofdrugplantshasservedWesterncivilizationforseveralthousandyears.Aratherobviousquestionarises:Arewemissingsomething?Afterall,thereare800000speciesofplantonearth.(1).Inprehistorictimespeople____.A.atemuchmorethanwedotodayB.livedmainlyonplantfoodC.hadawide-rangingdietD.weremorefussyaboutwhattheyate(2).Mostofushavecometoexpect____.A.novariationinourdietB.areductioninfoodsuppliesC.aspecialistdietD.foodconformingtoasetstandard(3).Thespecializationoffoodwasstartedby____.A.theemergenceofsupermarketsB.theriseofagricultureC.therichcountriesD.themodernshops(4).Accordingtothepassage,peopleintheWesttodaysurviveon____.A.carrotsandtomatoesB.severalthousandtypesofplantsandcerealsC.averysmallnumberofcultivatedfoodsD.specialspeciesplantedonethousandyearsago(5).Theconclusionseemstobethatwe____.A.couldmakeuseofmorenaturalspeciesB.don'tcultivatetherightkindoffoodC.producemorefoodthanweneedD.cultivatetoomanydifferentspecies2.humanbodyisdistributed(分布)intwodifferentways.Somefatpeoplehavealargechestandnowaistline(腰身),lookingratherlikeapples.Othersarefatterbelowthewaist,lookingmorelikepears.DoctorsinCambridge,Englandhavebeenexaminingtherelationshipbetweenhealthandfat(脂肪)distribution.Theyfindthatthepear-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthantheapple-shapedfatpeople.Whatseemstobemostimportantisnothowmuchfatyouhavebutwhereyouhaveit.Thedoctorsmeasuredtheapple-shapedwomenandpear--shapedwomenwithX-rayscanners(X光扫描器).Humanbeingshavetwotypesoffat:oneisoutsidefat,thatisthefatbelowtheskin,andtheotherisinsidefatthatliesinsidethebody.UsingtheX-rayscanners,thedoctorsfoundthatthe“apples”havealargeamountofinsidefat.Ifthisinsidefatismuchmorethanoutsidefat,itwillprobablycausehealthproblemssuchasobesity(肥胖症).Thebesttreatmentforobesityistoreducetheinsidefat.Butunfortunatelydiettreatment(饮食疗法)simplymakesanapple-shapedpersonintoasmallerappleandapear-shapedpersonintoasmallerpear.Atthemomentthereisnoeffectivewayofreducingtheinsidefat.(1).Accordingtotherelationbetweenhealthandfatness_____________A.apple-shapedfatpeoplehavefewerproblemsthanpear-shapedpeopleB.it’sbettertobeapple-shapedthantobepear-shapedC.it’sbettertobepear-shapedthantobeapple-shapedD.fatnessisthemostdangerousenemytohealth(2).Themostimportantthingaboutfatpeopleseemstobe___________.A.theamountoffattheyhaveB.theknowledgeofwhichtypeofthefatpeopletheybelongtoC.theamountoftheoutsidefattheyhaveD.theplacewheretheyhavethefat(3).Thebasicreasonwhysomepeoplesufferfromobesityisthat_______.A.theytakeverylittleexerciseeverydayB.theyhavemuchmoreinsidefatthanisneededC.theyareexaminedbyX-rayscannersquiteoftenD.theyeattoomuch(4).Accordingtowhatismentionedinthepassage,thebesttreatmentforobesityatpresentis__________________.A.toreducetheamountoffoodanddrinksB.tomakethebodyshapesmallerC.alreadyknowntothosepeopleintroubleD.stilltobefound.3.UniversityofArizonaresearcherDr.WilliamRathjisaysthatafterastudybasedonlookingintogarbagecans,theaveragefamilywastesatleast$150peryearinfood.Homemakersgooutoftheirwaytosavepenniesatthestoreandthendon'trealizethatwasteofedible(可食用的)foodsaddsupmuchmoreathome,saidDr.Rathji.Hewasoneofabout100foodexpertswhometinBoiseforaconferenceonfoodwasteandwaystopreventit.Americanfamiliesthrowoutbetween8%and20%ofediblefoodatacostof$4.5billionperyear.That'salmostasmuchasthefederalgovernmentspendseveryyearforfoodstampsandchildnutritionprograms.Hefoundthatfooditemswhicharecostlyandinshortsupplytendtobewastedmore.Duringthe1973meatshortage,meatwasteincreasedto9%,comparedwith3%in1974and1975.Sugarandsugarproductswastejumpedto19%in1975,whensugarpricesdoubledfromthepreviousyear.Dr.Rathjitheorizesthathighpricesforceconsumerstoexperiment,sometimesbuyinlargequantities.Inthecaseofmeat,sometimeslow-pricedcutsforunappetizingvarietiesarepurchased,consumersthentendtowastemore.Histheoryisthatthemorevarietyinfoodbought,themorewasted.Regularbreadiswastedatabouta10%rate,butspecialtybreadsandrollsarewastedata20%rate.Ifpeopleareeatingthesamethingeveryday,theylearnhowtomanageit.Butifyou'retryingtopullsomethingoutofthecookbookeverynight,that'sboundtobesomewaste.Anotherfindingisthatlowerincomefamilieswastelessfoodthanmiddleandupperincomefamilies.Andthestudyfoundthatdogfood,whichaccountsfor8%ofashoppingcart,israrelywasted.Freshproduc