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NonfiniteVerbs(非谓语动词)非谓语做主语Smokingisprohibitedhere．Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch．doing作主语通常表示抽象动作；todo作主语表示具体动作。doing作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。todo通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。Drivingacarduringtherushhouristiring．Tobeanathleteishisdream.Itis+adj.+(of/forsb.)todosth.It’snogood/nouse/notanyuse/good,uselessdoingsth.There’snodoing….Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.这种事开不得玩笑。Thereisnoholdingbackthewheelofhistory.历史车轮不可阻挡。Beingstolenisamiserable(痛苦的)experience.主语的复合结构(注意not的位置)it作形式主语Mary’s/Hisnotbeinglateforschool……Hisnothavingbeenthere……Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.过去分词done不可作主语，若主语须表达被动含义，则用beingdone非谓语做宾语不定式的省略1.一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如expect/want/hope/wish/love/hate/decide/plan/mean/try/wouldlike/beready/beafraid/beglad等后，动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分，但保留to。(1)---I'llbeawayonabusinesstrip.Wouldyoumindlookingaftermydog?---Notatall.I'dbegladto.(2)---Willyougowithme?---Well,I'dliketo.(3)---Willyougohometomorrow?---No.I'mgoingtoalecture，oratleastIamplanningto.注意：如若不定式结构中是be或have,需保留be和have(3)---Areyouataxidriver?---No,Iusedtobe.(4)---Hasn’thefinishedwritingthereport?---No,butheoughttohave.2.当like或want在由when/whenever/what/whatever/as/if等引导的状语从句中时，其后往往省略整个动词不定式。(1)Comewheneveryoulike.(2)Tom,don'tbenervous.Takewhateveryouwant!(3)Doanythingasyoulike.(4)Youdon'thavetocomeswimmingifyoudon'twant.Icannotbutagreetohisterms.Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.Icannotchoosebut________(laugh)Wehadnochoicebut__________(wait)buttodoexcepttodobesidestodootherthantodoCan’tchoosebutdo(只好)Can’thelpbutdoCan’tbutdo当介词but,except,besides以及otherthan前有作为实意动词的do时，不定式的to可以省略。非谓语做表语做表语---主系表todo具体行为表示“愿望，计划，决定”betodo将来时态Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouseseem/appear(似乎，好像)prove/turnout(被证明是)remain(仍然是，尚待）等连系动词后Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.(betodo表示安排)doing一般行为通常形容“物”居多bedoing进行时态MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.Thefilmisexciting.Heiseatinganapple.done通常形容“人”居多bedone被动Heismoved.Thejobisdone.Thebookisgone.3.Iaskedherifshehadanyroomstolet.不定式主动形式表被动意义1.Thehouseis________.2.Sheisnottheperson_________.torenttoblame某些动词的不定式做表语时，其主动形式表达被动含义。常用的有：toblame,toseek,tolet不定式做表语的省略：1.Thefirstthingshedidwasgouptohertrainerandthankherforallherhelpduringhertraining.2.Whatwewanttodonowisliedownandrest.3.Whatadictionarydoesishelpthestudentstofindoutthemeaningandtheusageofnewwords.非谓语做定语awoundedsoldierthesoldierwoundedinthebattle1)Themachine_____(run)bytheoldworkerismadeinShanghai.2)Thewoman_______(talk)toaforeignerisourEnglishteacher.runtalking1.doing表示主动；done表示被动Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.2.doing表示动作正在进行done表示动作动作已经结束todo表示将来Thestudentshaveclearedawaythe______(fall)leaves.fallen3.doing说明人或物的性质；表示“令人……的”；done说明人或物的状态，表示“感到……的”1）Shelistenedwitha________(puzzle)expressiononherface.2）The_____________(disappoint)lookreflectedthathewasnotverysatisfiedwithmystudies.puzzleddisappointedanexcitedvoiceaninterestingstoryafrightenedgirl-ing做定语说明被修饰的名词的用途和性能•readingmaterial•walkingstick•fishingpole•flyingsuit•writingtable•listeningpractice•阅读材料•手杖•鱼杆•飞行服•写字台•听力训练todo不定式作定语的相关注意点1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingto（担心）．Pleasegivemeaknifeto（切）．不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive．他没钱没地方住。worryaboutcutwith2.在therebe结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。Thereisalotofworktodo．(Somebodyhastodothework．)Thereisalotofworktobedone．(Theworkhastobedone．)3.当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其意义有所不同。Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse)非谓语做宾补1.在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后作宾补：doing表示正在进行的动作do表示动作结束，强调结果done表示其与宾语之间为被动关系主动关系Weheardhersingingthissongwhenwegothere.Weoftenhearthissongsungbyher.2.在have,set,keep,leave,get等动词后作宾补doing表示进行的状态或持续的状态done表示被动关系I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Youshouldn’tkeepyourlightsburningintheday.注意：以上几个动词的用法并不完全相同。3.在使役动词make后作宾补do表示主动done表示被动Theapproachingexaminationmademestudydayandnight.Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.3.在with复合结构中作宾补doing表示主动done表示被动todo表示将来Withtheboyleadingustheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingherhouse.Withhomeworkdone,Jimwentouttoplayfootball.Withsomuchhomeworktodo,Jimhastostayathome.非谓语做状语做状语Todo目的，结果，原因Inorderto,soastoSo…asto,such…asto,enoughto…,too…toOnlyto…(不幸的意外的结果)I’mgladtoseeyou./Heshookhisheadasiftosay“Don’ttrusther.”Doing结果，条件，让步，时间，伴随Crossingthestreet,Imetafriend.Whileflyingoverthechannel,thepilotsawabird.done条件，让步，时间，伴随等Giventime,hewouldwin.Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Havingdone:一个动作在另一动作之前Havingvisitedthefactory,hewenthome.1.Therebeingnopen,Ihadtowritealetterwithapencil.2.Timepermitting,I’llgooveralltheselessonsbeforetheexam.3.Theywalkedinthegarden,littlebirdssinginghappilyinthetree.独立主格结构注意区别从句与非谓语•Workhardandyou’lldobetter.•Ifyouworkhard,youwilldobetter.•Workinghard,you’lldobetter.•Ihaveseveralbooks,oneofwhichisbasedonamovie.•Ihaveseveralbooksandoneofthemisbasedonamovie.•Ihaveseveralbooks,oneofthembasedonamovie.做题步骤•一、理解句子含义，分析句子结构•二、找出逻辑主语，分析语态•三、分析时态，做出判断非谓语动词的