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GrammarJaneWuBobBob_____aworker.isMikeMikeandBob_____workers.areBothMikeandBob_______workers.areNeitherMikenorBob_______ateacher.isBillAllofthem______workers.Noneofthem___________(know)howtoteachEnglish.areknows/know2.三个原则:概念语法一致、就近一致、意义一致1.含义：指的是主谓在人称和数上保持一致。1.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。Whatheisdoingseemsveryimportant.他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collectingstampsishishobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。语法一致原则2.定语从句的关系代词who,which,that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。Thenewsthattheywonthegamesoonwasbroadcast.3.with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,besides,like,without,except,but,including,ratherthan,使用就前原则。例如：Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,isplantingtreesinthestreet.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。4.复合不定代词作主语或修饰主语,谓语动词要用单数，如one,each,either,neither,someone,something,anybody,,everybody,nobody,noone,nothing等。Someoneisaskingforyou.有人找你。Nothingisfoundintheroom.在屋子里什么也没找到。NeitherofmyparentslikesmyfriendLily.5.Manya/morethanone+单数名词,Oneandahalf+复数名词作名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Oneandahalfappleshasbeeneatenbytheboy.Manyapersonhasthatkindofopportunity.Morethanonemanhasbeenfired.6.Oneof+复数名词+定语从句，从句谓语动词一般用复数，但若one前有theonly修饰，则用单数。Marywastheonlyoneoftheyounggirlswho____givenaprize.Thisisoneoftheroomsthat____damagedbythefire.waswereeither...or;neither...nor;notonly...butalso,whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。就近原则NeitheryounorIamwrong.Thereisacupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishesforaholiday.概念一致原则所谓概念一致原则是指有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。HeandIarebothstudentsofthisschool.我和他都是这个学校的学生。Thesingeranddancer____goingtogiveusaperformance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。Theknifeandfork____onthetable.刀叉在桌子上。isis2.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视说话者的主观情况而定。Alloftheapples____rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。Alloftheapple____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。areisNoneofthemoney_____left.没有剩下一点钱。Noneofthestudents_____there.没有学生在那里。isis3.therestof;halfof;partof;majorityof;percentof;onethirdof等表示量的词在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。Halfofthestudents_____finishedtheircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Halfoftheapple____bad.一半的苹果坏了。About60percentofthestudentsinourschool____boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare4.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。Hisfamily____goingout.他们全家要外出。Hisfamily____allmusiclovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。isare5.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。Thepolicearesearchingforathief.Thecattleareeatinggrassonthehill.6.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:Thepairofshoesiswornout.这双鞋破了。Theshoesarewornout.鞋子破了。7.单复同形的词其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Noteverymeansisuseful.不是每种方法都好使。Notallmeansareuseful.不是所有的方法都好使。8.every...andevery...;each...andeach...;no...andno...在以上短语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Eachmanandeachwomanisaskedtoattend.Everyboyandeverygirlintheclassisclever.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。Nosoundandnovoiceisheard.听不到任何声音。9.书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Thirtyyearsisnotalongtime.RootsisafamousAmericannovel.Eighthoursofsleepisenough.1.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,theinjured,thewounded,等;但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：应该注意的几个问题:Theblindstudyinaspecialschool.Thedeadwasawell-knownengineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man,person或表示人的单数连用。例如:anoldman,arichperson,the(a)woundedsoldier.2.a(large)quantityof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。(alargeamountof,largeamountsof同理）。Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.Alargequantityofpeopleisneededhere.Alargeamountofdamagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3.news,physics,maths等以s结尾，但意义为单数，则谓语动词用单数。Newsistravellingfastnowadays.高考链接1.Asaresultofdestroyingtheforests,alarge_____ofdesert_____coveredtheland.(上海2001）A.number;hasB.quantity;hasC.number;haveD.quantity;haveB精析：alargenumberof后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地．”答案B2.____ofthelandinthatdistrict____coveredwithtreesandgrass.(上海2000)A.Twofifth,isB.Twofifth,areC.Twofifths,isD.Twofifths,areC精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语land是单数,所以谓语动词要用iscovered.答案C.3----Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,____togotouniversity.----SodoI.（全国1998）A.hopesB.hopeC.hopingD.dohopeA精析：这句话的主语是Eachofthestudents，是单数，所以要hopes选作谓语。现在分词短语workinghardathisorherlessons作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把lessons当成了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案A。4.____peopleintheworldaresendinginformationbye-maileveryday.（上海2001）A.SeveralmillionB.ManymillionsC.SeveralmillionsD.ManymillionA精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为millionsof。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过e-mail传递信息。”答案A。5.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem_______absentfordifferentreasons.(NMET'96)A.were;wasB.was;wasC.was;wereD.were;wereC6.Thenumberofstudentsinthisschool_________by5%everyyear.(MET'92)A.riseB.raiseC.risesD.raisesthenumberof+复数可数名词作主语，表示……的数目(数量)，谓语动词用