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:2000-03-10;:2000-06-30:(1952～),,,。。李维长(中国林业科学研究院科技信息研究所,北京 100091) :、;,21。。、,,、、、、。 :;;;:F316.23;F326.20 :A :1007-7588(2000)06-0071-06ANALYSISONWORLDFORESTRESOURCESPROTECTIONANDCHINA'SFORESTRYDEVELOPMENTPOLICIESLIWei-chang(InstituteofScientificandTechnologicalInformationResearch,ChineseAcademyofForestrySciences,Beijing100091,China)Abstract:AccordingtothelatestastatisticsofFAO,thispaperintroducestheworldforestarea,coun-trieswiththegreatestavailableforestresources,andprincipalreasonsforthedeclineofforestarea;anddiscussesthecommonstrategiesofdevelopingartificialforestsadoptedbyvariouscountriesintheworldtosolvetheproblemofconstantdecreaseofnaturalforestsincemanycountrieshavelistedenergeticde-velopmentofartificialforestasafundamentalmeasuretosatisfyenvironmentalandtimberrequirementsforthe21stcentury.Therevisionofforestrypoliciesandreformofforestryinstitutionsconstitutetheessentialmeasuresundertakenorplannedtotakebymanydevelopingcountriesorcountriesinthepro-cessoftransformingeconomicsystems.ThepaperalsoexaminesthecurrentstatusofChina'sforestre-sources,problemsconfrontinganddevelopmentstrategies.Suggestionsareraisedinthefollowingas-pects:tosetupstateforestresourcescompensationsystemandforesteco-benefitcompensationsystem,establishmultipleinvestmentmechanismtoimproveeco-environment,regulateforestrypolicies,andbuildforestresourcesandenvironmentalsyntheticaccountingsystem.Keywords:Forestresources;Forestdestruction;Artificialafforestation;Forestrypolicy1992,。,。,,。,。。1 1.1 《1999》,1995()34.54×226200011 RESOURCESSCIENCEVol.22,No.6Nov.,2000108hm2,25.6%。,19.61×108hm2,55%,14.93×108hm2,45%。0.6hm2(1)。1 1995Table1 Forestareaandcoverageintheworldin1995(×108hm2)(%)(hm2)(%)5.014.50.116.49.3327.01.341.35.2015.10.717.70.912.73.210.75.3715.51.225.58.7125.22.749.734.541000.626.6 (48.5%)。2/37,:(22.1%)、(15.9%)、(7.1%)、(6.2%)、(3.9%)、(3.2%)(3.1%)。,、。29(21),49(、)10%,:(7.5%),(6.8%),(1.9%),(1.2%)。,。97%,3%。1.2 1990～1995,()()175×104hm2(39×104hm2,76×104hm2)。,,1370×104hm2(1290×104hm2),70×104hm2(30×104hm2),1300×104hm2。,1990～1995,6510×104hm2,880×104hm2,5630×104hm2,0.33%(3a1%),0.65%。。:、、、、、、,、、、、。,。,,,;,、、、、、,。,,,,“”,,,。1.3 21,,。、,。,,,,,,21,,。18,,72 226,、,,。19951.8×108hm2,1980～1995,1(2、2 1995Table2 Artificialforestareaindevelopingcountriesin1995(×104hm2) 3178.12121.65299.7233.0782.6213.4996.040.1 378.7302.5681.228.8 4339.42637.56976.9301.93)。,,7%～10%,。20a,。,8000×104hm2～1×108hm2。,,,。,,,,3 Table3 Thelargestartificialforestareaindevelopingcountries(×104hm2)3380 1462 612.5490 147 140 101.554.752.932.131 27.625.324.520.3,。,19804000×104hm219958100×104hm2,。,80%,40%。、、、、,100×104hm2。。,。。,,,。。,。,。,、,,。,、、,。。、、、。60,,,19865000hm2,198750×104hm2,1991100×104hm2。,1985;50,。,,,。,,。,。,。,,,: ①,、。 ②,。 ③,。73226:,,。2 ,,,。;、;,、,。、、,,,。,《21》,。、,。,,,,、、;,;,,,,。,,,,、,11%,804×1089013×108。44%,33%,18%。,。,,,。、、。,,,。,。:、、、、、、、。,,。,,、、,,“”。,。,,,“”。,,,。。,。,,,,,。。3 13370×104hm2,8726.54×104hm2,65%。8.7%13.92%。117×108m3。、、、,,,。,,,。3379×104hm2,。,74 226,,。、,。,。1997,,,,2000,、、、、、,1883×104hm2,60%。,,135,65,,;70,、3,,,,。,,,1000×104m3。,,,、、,。3.1 ,,。,,1.7×108m3,(),。,,。,,20%,,。,、、、、,。。,,。,,,。,116×104km2367×104km2,50×108t。、、,。1949500,、200×108m3。,60a30a。,。,1/3。,。1998、,,,,、,。3.2 。,,、3。。。,。、。、、。,,,,,。、、、、、、、、,。75226:,,,,,。,,。:、;,;;。3.2.1 建立国家生态林补偿机制和森林生态效益补偿制度 。,,、、,、,,,,、,。(、),,25%,75%,“、、”。3.2.2 建立保护森林资源、改善生态环境的多元化投资机制 ,,,;,0.1%,20100.3%～0.5%;、。3.2.3 调整林业政策,保障林业经济持续增长 ①,,,。 ②,、。、8%,、,;“”。。,,,、。,,,,。3.2.4 建立森林资源与环境综合核算体系 ,、,、,。:[1] StateoftheWorld'sForests[J].FAO,1999.[2] PandeyD.,BallJ.Theroleofindustrialplantationsinfutureglobalfibresupplies[J].Unasylva,1998,(2).[3] .[J].,1997,(11).[4] NewFAOstateoftheworld'sforestsreportreleased[J].TigerPaper,1997,(1).[5] PeterJKanowski.Afforestationandplantationforestryforthe21thecentury.Productivefunctionsofforests[A].AntalyaTurkey.ProceedingsoftheXIWorldForestryCongress[C].1997,(3),13～22.[6] JandeGraaff.Soilconservationandsustainablelanduse[M].RoyaltropicalinstituteAmsterdam,1993.[7] CIFOR.AVisionforForestScienceinthetwenty-firstscentury[M].CIFOR,Indonesia,1995.[8] ZobelBJ.,JettJB.GeneticaofWoodProduction[M].1995.[9] Patternsoflossofforestrybiodiversity-Aglobalperspective.Forests,biologicaldiversityandthemaintenceofthenaturalheritage[A].AntalyaTurkey.ProceedingsoftheXIWorldForestryCongress[C].1997,(3),13～22.76 226