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Welcometoourclass句子结构按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、并列句、复合句三种。一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类：S+V：Thesunrisesintheeast.S+V+O：Mybrotherboughtanewcellphone.S+V+P：Thegrassturnsgreen.S+V+Oi+Od：Myfathergavemeagift.S+V+O+C：Hemadethebabylaugh.二、并列句：并列句往往由并列连词连接，并列连词连接的两个或多个句子都是对等并列的关系。常见的并列连词有and,notonly…butalso…,neither,nor,neither…nor…,or,either…or…,but,yet,still,however,while,when,for,so,thus,therefore等。Somestudentsareinterestedinmusicandothersarefondofplayingfootball.Shenotonlydanceswellbutalsosingswell.Everyonelikesapersonwithgoodmanners,butnoonelikesapersonwithbadmanners.Iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分，从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。Whathedidmadehismotherangry.Parentsshouldn’tgivetheirchildrenwhatevertheywant.Thisisbecauseyouaretoocareless.Checkallyouranswersbeforeyouturninyourpapers.Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople’shealth.定语从句定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnottrueman.MissGreenisastrictbutkindteacherwhoalwayscaresforeverystudent.Footballisplayedinover80countries,whichmakesitpopular.I’llneverforgetthedays关系代词，在从句中作宾语先行词thatwespenttogether.修饰关系代词的选择和作用1.先行词指人时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时用who,作宾语时用whom(whom可以省略).TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.ThepersonwhomyoujusttalkedtoisMr.Li.ThepersontowhomyoujusttalkedisMr.Li.2.先行词指物时，关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时用which,作宾语时可省略。Theyplantedthetreeswhichdidn’tneedmuchwater.Thefish(which)weboughtwerenotfresh.3.先行词既可以指人也可以指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that,作宾语是可省略。Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Thegirl(that)wesawyesterdayisJim’ssister.He’schanged.He’snotthemanthathewasbefore.4.Whose的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。指物时可与ofwhich互换，“名词+ofwhich”.Harryistheboywhosemotherisourteacher.ThehousewhosewindowsfaceeastisMr.Smith’s.ThehousethewindowsofwhichfaceseastisMr.Smith’s.关系副词的选择和作用1.当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.比较：Istillrememberthedaythat/whichwespenttogether.2.当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，选择关系副词where。Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.比较：Thisistheplacethat/whichIoncevisited.3.当先行词是thereason(s)，且从句中缺少原因状语时，选择关系副词why。Thisisthereasonwhyhewaskilled.比较：Thisreasonthat/whichhegaveuswasunacceptable.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”也可以在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：1.根据先行词的搭配习惯thedayonwhichIjoinedthearmy.IstillremembertheyearinwhichIstayedhere.2.根据从句中谓语动词的搭配onwhichIspent5Yuan.ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid5Yuan.fromwhichIlearntalot.3.根据所表达的意义Thewallonwhichthereisamapfaceseast.Thewallinwhichthereisawindowfaceseast.As和which1.as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指代前面整个句子。区别：①as引导的非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间；which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后。②as有正如，正像的含义，而which没有。Shakespeareisafamousplaywright,asweknow.Asweknow,Shakespeareisafamousplaywright.Shakespeare,asweknow,isafamousplaywright.Hismotherisanengineer,whichmakeshimproud.2.若先行词被such或thesame所修饰，关系代词用as。Heissuchakindmanaswealllike.ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.※只能用that的情况1.当先行词是all,much,little,any,few,something,anything,everything,none,nothing,theone等不定代词时IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast修饰时Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethatwasinvited.3.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveread.ThefirstlessonthatIlearnedwillneverbeforgotten.4.先行词既有人又有物时Theytalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.5.当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时Whoistheboythatisstandingoverthere?※不能用that的情况：1.在非限制性定语从句中Dinnerstartswithasmalldish,whichiscalledastarter.2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：I’mlookingforacontainerinwhichIcanputallthesepeaches.※定语从句中主谓一致问题1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致。Mr.Smith,whoisnowdownstairs,isaskingtoseeyou.TheSmiths,whoarenowdownstairs,areaskingtoseeyou.2.Oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词复数形式；the(only)oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词单数形式Heisoneofthestudentswhoworkhard.Heisthe(only)oneofthestudentswhogoesabroad.※在定语从句中，被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现。Thisistherightbookthatyouarelookingforit.（×）※当先行词是way表示方式、方法时，关系词可用inwhich、that或省略。Thisisthewayinwhich/(that)IstudyEnglish.※当先行词situation,point,degree等作先行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。Canyouthinkoutasituationwherethiswordcanbeused?Herillnesshasdevelopedtothepointwherenobodycancureher.※Isthisschool___wevisited?Thisschoolistheonethatwevisited.Isthistheschool___wevisited?Thisistheschoolthatwevisited.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的，它对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指代不清。Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterthepatients.Lijiang,whereIwasborn,isverybeautiful.2.在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。Theearthgoesroundthesun,whichistrue.Shehasfoundthenecklace(that)shelosttwoweeksago.3.在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导词前有逗号将其与主句分开；而限制性定语从句则没有。4.在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中可以省略。Thenovel(which)Ihavereadthreetimesisverymoving.Thisnovel,whichIhavereadthreetimes,isverymoving.5.在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用that(指人时用who/whom,指物用which),关系副词则用when,where,forwhich6.非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。1.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily，____theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that2.Thenews____ourathleteswonanothergoldmedalwasreportedinyesterday’snewspaper.A.w