专四语法讲解(状语从句)

副词性（状语）从句AdverbialClause副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。状语从句的测试重点为：考查对主从句之间逻辑意义关系的把握，看其是否能选择正确的从属连词。1.让步状语从句AdverbialClauseofConcession让步状语从句：除了2000，2007，2011年没考，其他年份都考过由下列连接词引导：though,although,evenif/though；as；while；forall(that)(虽然，尽管）;nomatterhow/what/when/where,however,whatever等eg.WhileIdisapproveofwhatyousay,Iwoulddefendtothedeathyourrighttosayit.虽然我不赞成你所说的话，我还是要拼命维护你这样说的权利。Exhaustedthough/asshewas,therewasnohopeofherbeingabletosleep.Howeverwiseapersonis,hewillmakesomemistakes.真题讲解1._____thebosssays,itisunreasonabletoaskmetoworkovertimewithoutpay.(09,54)A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However[A]2._____hewantedtogooutwithhisfriendsattheweekend,hehadtostaybehindtofinishhisassignment.(08,55)A.MuchenoughB.MuchasC.AsmuchD.Thoughmuch[B]3._____dullhemaybe,heiscertainlyaverysuccessfultopexecutive.(06,51)A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However[D]4._____,Mr.Wellsisscarcelyinsympathywiththeworkingclass.(05,52)A.AlthoughheisasocialistB.EvenifheisasocialistC.BeingasocialistD.Sinceheisasocialist[A]5._____,I’llmarryhimallthesame.(04,52)A.WasherichorpoorB.WhetherrichorpoorC.WereherichorpoorD.Beherichorpoor[D]6.Whethermybrother_____rightorwrong,hewillhavemyunwaveringsupport.(01,62)A.isB.wereC.beD.wouldbe[C]7._____Ilikeeconomics,Ilikesociologymuchbetter.(03,59)A.AsmuchasB.SomuchC.HowmuchD.Muchas[D]8.Fool_____Janeis,shecouldnothavedonesuchathing.(02,58)A.whoB.asC.thatD.like[B]9._____Isympathize,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties.(01,56)A.AslongasB.AsC.WhileD.Even[C]10.Fool_____Jerryis,hecouldnothavedonesuchathing.(10,55)A.whoB.asC.likeD.that[B]2.条件状语从句AdverbialClauseofCondition引导词除if外，还有unless,incase,ifonly...,onlyif...,provided/providing(that),assuming(that),so/aslongas,onconditionthat,suppose/supposing(that),intheeventthat;whetherornot可表示选择条件句。eg.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeetingprovidedyoudon’tmindtakingthenighttrain.Assumingheisdiligentinhisstudiesatordinarytimes,heissuretopassthetest.Intheeventthatshehasnotbeeninformed,Iwilltellher.(如果……)Youcangoswimmingonconditionthatyoudon’tgotoofarfromtheriverbank.(如果……)Supposeitrained,wewouldstillgo.(假如……)Sayitweretrue,whatwouldyoudoaboutit?(假如……)从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一起省略。这被称为带连词的无动词状语从句。如：Although(heis)veryyoung,heworksashardasanadult.Thechildisneverpeevishunless(heis)sick.真题讲解1.Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,_____thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.(05,64)A.onoccasionB.onpurposeC.onconditionD.onlyif[C]2.Ifnot_____withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jackgetsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.(04,55)A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated[B]3._____bothsidesaccepttheagreement_____alastingpeacebeestablishedinthisregion.(04,60)A.Onlyif,willB.Ifonly,wouldC.Should,willD.Unless,would[A]4._____thatthedemandforgasolinecontinuestoriseatthecurrentrate,itwillnotbelongbeforeitspricerocketstoaterriblyhighlevel.(04,64)A.AscertainingB.AssumingC.ConcerningD.Regarding[B]5.Thisisanillnessthatcanresultintotalblindness___leftuntreated.(00,42)A.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unless[B]3.时间状语从句AdverbialClauseofTime（1）when,while;after;before;as;assoonas;once;until;whenever等引导的时间状语从句eg.MyhusbandwasdoingwashingathomewhileIwasoutshopping.Theracingcarwentoutofcontrolbeforeithitthebarrier.ThenewregulationdoesnotgointoeffectuntilthefirstofMarch.（2）Hardly/Scarcely...when;Nosooner…thaneg.Hehadhardlyhadtimetosettledownwhenhesoldthehouseandleftthecountry.Hehadnosoonerreturnedthanheboughtafinehouse.（3）theminute/moment/day,thefirst/second/lasttime,each/every/nexttimeeg.Newsuppliescamethedayourfuelranout.Themachinestartsthemomentthebuttonispressed.Ourgreatestgloryconsistsnotinneverfalling,butinrisingeverytimewefall.我们最值得骄傲的不在于从不摔跤，而在于每次摔跤后都能站起来。4)since“自从”，从句用非延续动词，主句完成时态eg.SinceshewenttoNewYork,herfatherhasnotheardfromher.(5)副词directly,immediately,instantly,now引导时间从句,相当于assoonas。eg.Thepolicemenwentintoactiondirectlytheyheardthealarm.Immediatelyhisintentionsareunderstood,hemayleave.IrecognizedherinstantlyIsawher.真题举例1.Thecouplehadnosoonergottothestation_____thecoachleft.(09,60)A.whenB.asC.untilD.than[D]2.Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch_____IvisitedmyfriendsinParislastyear.(08,56)A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where[A]4.原因状语从句AdverbialclauseofCause/Reason常用引导词since,as,because,inthat,等(1)inthat引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如:Advertisingisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessaryinthatithelpsustofindandcorrectourmistakes.(2)nowthat表示“既然”;seeingthat,considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如:Nowthatwehaveallthematerialready,weshouldbeginthenewtaskatonce.Hedidpoorlyintheexaminations,consideringhowhardhehadtriedforthem.Seeingthatsheislawfullyoldenoughtogetmarried,Idon’tthinkyoucanstopher.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有:forthe(simple)reasonthat,byreasonthat,onthegroundsthat等。真题举例1.Mendifferfromanimals_____theycanthinkandspeak.(08,54)A.forwhichB.forthatC.inthatD.inwhich[C]2.Barryhadan