非谓语动词

非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs2什么是非谓语动词啊？“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!那不是谓语是什么呢？。。。。。。1.谓语动词：概述：2.非谓语词：在句子中担任谓语的动词是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分(通俗地说，就是不能作谓语的动词变形）实义动词系动词助动词情态动词非谓语动词动名词(doing)分词现在分词(doing)过去分词(done)动词不定式（todo）非谓语动词主语宾语表语定语宾补状语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√√6英语一句话中只能有一个主谓结构如果出现更多动词：•加连词（and/but/so…）•放入从句•变为非谓语动词主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语判别用谓语动词或非谓语动词1.___thedogcameover,ourfriendranaway.(see)2.___fromthetopofahill,andyou’llfindthecitymorebeautiful.(see)3.___you____thecityfromthetopofahill,you’llfinditmorebeautiful.(see)4.____moreclearly,theycameupandgotclosetoit.5.____fromthetopofahill,ourhouselookslikeacar.SeeingSeeIfseeTosee根据句子结构判断是非谓语动词还是谓语动词一个句子（包括主句和从句）通常有一个谓语动词（and可以并列连接两个谓语动词），分析句子:如果句子中没有谓语动词，填上谓语动词（注意时态和语态），如果句子中已经有谓语动词，则考虑用非谓语动词（注意判别是动词不定式、现在分词、动名词还是过去分词）Seen1.Shegotoffthebus,________(leave)herhandbagonherseat.2.Shegotoffthebus,but______(leave)herhandbagonherseat.3.Shegotoffthebus,who_____(leave)herhandbagonherseat.4._______totheright,andyouwillfindthebuildingyouwant.(turn)5.Ifyou______totheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.6._______totheright,youwillfindthebuildingyouwant.leftleftleavingTurnturnTurning非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下,还有别的动词出现时。由此可见，连词在决定句子结构以及谓语动词和非谓语动词的使用中起着关键的作用。1.Themantookoutthekey,_________(open)thedoorandenteredtheroom.2.Themansatthere,_________(read)abook.3._______(work)hard,andyouwillsucceed.4.Thequestion___________(discuss)atthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.5.___________(improve)hisspokenEnglish,Mr.ZhanggoestotheEnglishcornereverySaturday.openedreadingWorkdiscussedToimprove1Theteacherssittingtherearefromotherschools.表语2Wesawsometeacherssittingthere.宾语补足语3Weneedtobeactiveinclass.宾语谓语宾语主语定语连系动词非谓语动词大都可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等.Part1To-infinitive动词不定式（TheInfinitive）一.动词不定式的基本构成：由不定式符号to加动词原形构成。其否定式由not+不定式构成肯定式：todosth否定式：nottodosth.主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing不定式时态的用法1.不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，或之后发生用一般式1)Hewanted___________(see)you.2)Ihope___________(see)youagain.2.强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用进行式WhenIcamein,hepretended(read)abook.Heissaidto___________(write)anovelnow.3.强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用不定式完成式Heissaid_________________(write)anovellastyear.toseetoseetobereadingtohavewrittenbewriting•不定式被动形式的用法•当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时（即逻辑主语与不定式动作为动宾关系时），用被动语态•Itisanhonorformetobeaskedtospeakhere.•Thebookissaid_________________________(translate)intoEnglish.•Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeeting_____________(hold)tomorrow.•Iamverypleased_______________________(give)thisopportunity.•Sheasked______________(send)toworkinTibet.•Noonelikes____________________(laugh)at.tobesenttohavebeentranslatedtobeheld她要求被派往西藏工作tohavebeengiventobelaughedTheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheld---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft动词不定式（TheInfinitive）二.动词不定式的句法作用法动词不定式有副词，形容词和名词的特征，因此在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语，独立成分•1.Toseeyouisglad.=It’sgladtoseeyou.•2.Iwanttoseeyou.•3.Iwanthimtoseeyou.•4.Myhopeistoseeyou.•5.Heisthemantoseeyou.•6.I’mgladtoseeyou.7.Iwenttoseeyou.8.Hewentsoearlyastoseeyou.（作主语）(作宾语）（作宾补）(作表语）（作定语）（作原因状语）（作目的状语）（作结果状语）Discussion:说出不定式在句中的成分.(1)作主语不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。Toseeistobelieve．Nottogetthereintimeisyourfault.注：常用it做形式主语，将todo放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It+takessb+sometime+todoIttakesusanhour___gettherebybus.句型2：It+be+n.+todoIt’sourduty__helpthepoor.Itisagreatenjoyment__spendourholidayinthemountainstototo句型3：Itisadj.for/ofsb.todosth.Itis+adj+forsbtodosthItis+adj+ofsbtodosth（是形容人的品质的）（是形容事物的性质的）Itiseasy______metofinishthisworkbeforeten.Itishonorable_______ustobepresentatyourbirthdayparty.Itisverykind___youtogivemesomehelp.It'simpolite___youtospeaktotheteacherlikethat.＝Youareverykindtogivemesomehelp.＝youareimpolitetospeaktotheteacherlikethat.非谓语动词讲解forforofofA:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongofthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.有些动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：(2)作宾语Iwanttoknowthismatter.Idon’texpecttomeetyouhere.1).接不定式做宾语决心学会想希望设法假装在拒绝主动答应选计划同意请求帮一帮decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wishmanage,pretend,refuseoffer,promise,choose,planagree,ask,help此外，fail,need,wouldlike/love,happen,afford,aim,prepare,can’twaittodo,beusedtodo,beabletodoEg:ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.IhappenedtobethereIwouldliketogoswimmingthisweekend.Ifind/feeltoworkwithhiminteresting．Ifind/feelitinterestingtoworkwithhim．注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型：S+find/think/feel/make/consider/believe…..+it+adj/n+todosth.翻译：1.我们认为早点开始是有必要的。2.我觉得保护环境是我们的责任。3.我认为遵守法律是重要的。4.我发现在一天之内完成这么多家庭作业是不可能的。1.Wethoughtitnecessarytostartearly.2.Ifeelitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.3.Wethinkitimportanttoobeythelaw.5.Ifinditimpossibletofinishsomuchhomeworkinaday.注