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03《名词性从句》I．语序问题1.Thephotographswillshowyou____.（MET89）A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslikeC.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike2.Heasked____foraviolin．（MET92）A.didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid规律一：名词性从句在句中要用陈述语序II．引导词的选择1.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what2.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.A．whileB．thatC．ifD．for3.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon．A．whenB．howC．whetherD．why4．madetheschoolproudwasmorethan90%ofthestudentshadbeenadmittedtokeyuniversities.A．What…becauseB．What…thatC．That…whatD．That…because规律二：1.从句是陈述句转化而来的，不含有疑问意义。由that引导且that连词在从句中不作成分2.从句是由一般疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由whether，if引导3.从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，含有疑问意义的。由wh-连词引导且wh-连词在从句中作成分。连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：7.Ifwewillhaveameetinghasn'tbeendecidedyet.8.Itdependsoniftheweatherissuitableforustodoit.9.Thequestionisifhehimselfwillbepresentatthemeeting.10.HeaskedmeifIcouldgowithhimornot.Whetherwewillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.Itdependsonwhethertheweatheris…...Thequestioniswhetherhehimselfwillbepresent…...HeaskedmewhetherIcouldgowithhimornot.规律三：whether和if的区别：①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如：Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句和表语从句中只能用whether。如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.④whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if不能。如：Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑥whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能，但可以引导一个条件状语从句表示“如果”如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhavetimetomorrow,I’llgotovisitTom.找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Ithinkthatworthwhilethatwespentsomuchmoneyonthesebooks.2.Thatishardtodecidewhenandwherewewillheldoursportsmeeting.3.Everybodyconsidersitimpossiblewhichhewantstofinishthejobinsuchashorttime.4.Itdoesn’tmatterthatyouwillcomeornot.ititthatwhether规律四：主语从句和宾语从句在适当的情况下可以借助“it”而后置。1.主语从句可以用it（作形式主语）来替换成以下几种结构表达。(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...（C）Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…（D）Itseems/happensthat…如：ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.2.宾语从句可以用it（作形式宾语）来替换的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋Adj/N＋从句如：Ithinkitnecessarythatwehavethemeeting．1.Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof____sharesherinterests.A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho2.____muchadviceIgavehim,hedidexactlywhathewantedtodo.A.HowB.WhateverC.HoweverD.Nomatter3.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.wheneverHewillbelievewhateverotherssay.（不能用nomatterwhat代替whatever）Whateverotherssay,hewillbelieveit.（可以用nomatterwhat代替whatever）规律四：whatever,whichever,whoever,whenever,wherever,however等与nomatterwhat,nomatterwhich,nomatterwho,nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere,nomatterhow的区别:前者既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句，而nomatter加疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：4.Wesuggestedthatwewouldgotothecinema.5.Myideaisthatwemustdoourhomeworkfirst.6.Hisproposalthatwewentthereonfootisacceptable.Wesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothecinema.Myideaisthatwe(should)doourhomeworkfirst.Hisproposalthatwe(should)gothereonfoot…...规律五：注意虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用！(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswer.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等动词后的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形或是动词原形。如：Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.Thedoctororderedshe(should)beoperatedon.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。如：Hissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoShanghaiiswonderful.Myideaisthatthey(should)pay100dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。如：Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.名词从句与定语从句的主要区别I.成分上的区别：名词性从句和定语从句分别在句中充当什么样的成分？1.Howtheprisonerescapedremainsamystery.2.Iwonderwhether/ifheisfitforthejob.3.Theproblemiswhowillbeequaltothetask.4.Hehadnoideawhetherwecouldovercomethepresentdifficultiesornot.主语宾语表语同位语5.Ivisitedthecountrywhich/thathadbeenbombedbytheUS-ledNATO(美国为首的北约)amonthbefore．6.IshallneverforgettheyearswhenIlivedinthecountrysidewiththefarmers,whichhasagreateffectonmylife.7.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm.,bywhichtimemanypeoplehavegonehome.8.Ihadn