状语从句的概念:状语从句指句子用作状语时,起副词作用的句子。它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。状语从句一般由连词(从属连词)引导,也可以由词组引起。从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开,位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。比较while/as/when:1、as/when引导短暂性动作的动词例句:如:Justas/Justwhen/WhenIstoppedmycar,amancameuptome.2、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when引导这个从句,不可用as或while。如:Whenyouhavefinishedyourwork,youmayhavearest.3、从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as,不用when或while。如:Asthedaywenton,theweathergotworse.比较untill/till:两个连词意义相同,肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”,动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”,动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句例句:Isleptuntilmidnight.我一直睡到半夜时醒了。WaittillIcallyou.等着我叫你。注意:在肯定句中可用before代替:Let'sgetinthewheatbeforethesunsets.否定句例句:Shedidn'tarriveuntil6o'clock.Ididn'tmanagetodoituntilyouhadexplainedhow.1、Until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首。例句:Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhathappened.2、Untilwhen疑问句中,until要放在句首。例句:Untilwhenareyoustaying?你呆到什么时候?注意:否定句可用另外两种句式表示。1)Notuntil…在句首,主句用倒装。例句:Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.2)Itisnotuntil…that…状语从句的用种类:1、时间状语从句:表示时间的状语从句可由when,as,while,whenever,after,before,till(until),since,once,assoonas(或themoment),bythetime,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,everytime等引导。e.g.WhenIcameintotheoffice,theteacherswerehavingameeting.Hestartedassoonashereceivedthenews.Onceyouseehim,youwillneverforgethim.NosoonerhadIgonetobedthanIwenttosleep.2、原因状语从句:原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat(既然)等,for表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。e.g.Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'tgettheposition.Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.Nowthatyoumentionit,Idoremember.3、地点状语从句:引导地点状语从句的连词是where和wherever等。e.g.Sitwhereveryoulike.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.4、目的状语从句:引导目的状语从句最常用的词(组)是so,sothat(从句谓语常有情态动词),inorderthat,incase(以防,以免)等。e.g.Speakclearly,sothattheymayunderstandyou.ShehasboughtthebookinorderthatshecouldfollowtheTVlessons.Heleftearlyincaseheshouldmissthetrain.5、结果状语从句:结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句,通常主句是原因,从句是结果。由sothat(从句谓语一般没有情态动词),so…that,such…that等引导。e.g.Shewasill,sothatshedidn'tattendthemeeting.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldnotsayaword.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateveryoneadmiresher.6、条件状语从句:条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。引导条件状语从句的词(组)主要有if,unless,so(as)longas,onconditionthat,so(as)faras,ifonly(=if)。注意:条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。e.g.Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.Youmayborrowthebooksolongasyoukeepitclean.SofarasIknow(据我所知),hewillbeawayforthreemonths.Youcangoswimmingonconditionthat(=if)youdon'tgotoofarawayfromtheriverbank.Ifhehadcomeafewminutesearlier,hecouldhaveseenher.7、让步状语从句:让步状语从句可由although,though,as,evenif(though),however,whatever,whether…or,nomatterwho(when,what,…)等引导。注意:as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I'llneverchangemymind.8、方式状语从句:方式状语从句常由as,asif(though),theway,ratherthan等引导。e.g.YoumustdotheexerciseasIshowyou.Heactedasifnothinghadhappened.9、比较状语从句:比较状语从句常用than,so(as)…as,themore…themore等引导。e.g.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.Hesmokescigarettesasexpensiveashecanafford.Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题:1、在时间和条件(有时也在方式、让步等)从句中,主句是一般将来时,从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。e.g.We'llgooutingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.I'llwritetoyouassoonasIgettoShanghai.2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句,如果从句的主语与主句主语一致(或虽不一致,是it),从句的谓语又包含动词be,就可省略从句中的“主语+be”部分。e.g.When(hewas)stillaboyoften,hehadtoworkdayandnight.If(youare)askedyoumaycomein.If(itis)necessaryI'llexplaintoyouagain.3、注意区分不同从句:引导的是什么从句,不仅要根据连词,还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例,能引导多种从句。e.g.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.(地点状语从句)Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.(定语从句,句中有先行词)Idon'tknowwherehecamefrom.(宾语从句)Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.(主语从句)Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.(表语从句)注意:表示“一…就…”的结构hardly/scarcely…when/before/nosooner…than和assoonas都可以表示“一…就…”的意思。例句:Ihadhardly/scarcelygothomewhenitbegantorain.Ihadnosoonergothomethanitbegantorain.AssoonasIgothome,itbegantorain.注意:如果hardly/scarcely或nosooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构:例句:Hardly/ScarcelyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.从属连词的概念:连词用于引导从句以形成句子的一部分或修饰句子的构成要素的叫作从属连词。英语从属连词用法分类详解:1、引导时间状语从句的从属连词:(1)表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when,while,as,whenever:如:Hejumpedupwhenthephonerang.电话铃响时他吓了一跳。Welistenedwhiletheteacherread.老师朗读时我们听着。ThephonerangjustasIwasleaving.我正要离开,电话铃就响了起来。(2)表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before,after:如:Turnthelightsoffbeforeyouleave.离开前请关灯。Hestartedthejobsoonafterhelefttheuniversity.他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。(3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since,until,till:如:Hehaslivedheresincehegotmarried.他结婚后就一直住在这儿。Mostmenworkeduntil[till]they're65.大多数男人工作到65岁。(4)表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有assoonas,themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly,once,nosooner…than,hardly…when等:如:Tellhimthenewsassoonasyouseehim.你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。Irecognizedherthemoment(that)Isawher.我一看到她就认出她来了。Iwanttoseehimtheminute(that)hearrives.他一到来我就要见他。IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.我一干完活就回家了。Oncehearrives,wecanstart.他一来我们就可以开始。(5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),(the)nexttime(下次),anytime(随时),(the)lasttime(上次),thefirsttime(第一次):如:LasttimeIsawhim,helookedill.上次我见到他的时候,他好像有病。Nexttimeyou'reinLondoncomeandvisitus.你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。Dolookmeupnextti