新人教版高中英语必修3-Unit4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-sta

Unit4Astronomy:thescienceofthestarsWhatsubjectsdoyoulearnatschool?ChineseEnglishmathematicsphysicschemistrygeographybiologyhistoryphysicschemistrybiologygeologymathematicsMedicineBiochemistryGeophysicsAstronomySciencesubjectsFrontierscienceWarmingupmedicinebiologychemistryastronomyphysicsmathematicsgeophysicsgeologyphysicsbiochemistrybiologychemistryAstronomyisthescientificstudyoftheuniverseandtheheavenbodies(suchasthesun,themoon,andstars),gas,anddustwithinit.astronomerDoyouknowthefollowingscientists?Whoarethey?Whathavetheydiscovered?IsaacNewton,牛顿1642―1727Universalgravitation万有引力Einstein,Albert(1879-1955)爱因斯坦Relativity（相对论）andtheCosmos（宇宙）Thetheoryaboutblackholes（黑洞理论）Solarsystem水星最接近太阳，是太阳系中第二小行星。水星的英文名字Mercury来自罗马神墨丘利。墨丘利也就是希腊神话中的Hermes。或许由于水星在空中移动得快，才使它得到这个名字。金星是离太阳第二近，太阳系中第六大行星。古希腊人称之为Aphrodite(阿芙罗狄蒂)，是希腊神话中爱与美的女神。而在罗马神话中爱与美的女神是维纳斯—Venus，因此金星也称做“维纳斯”。地球是距太阳第三颗，它是太阳系类地行星中最大的一颗，也是太阳系第五大行星，行星年龄估计大约有45亿年(4.5×109)。地球是唯一一个不是从希腊或罗马神中得到的名字。Earth一词来自于古英语及日耳曼语。这里当然有许多其他语言的命名。在罗马神话中，地球女神叫Tellus－肥沃的土地。火星为距太阳第四远，也是太阳系中第七大行星。因为火星在夜空中看起来是血红色的，所以在西方，以罗马神话中的战神Mars命名它。木星是离太阳第五颗行星，而且是最大的一颗。木星是天空中第四亮的物体。木星是自转最快的行星。在西方称它为朱庇特—Jupiter，是罗马神话中的众神之王，相当于希腊神话中的宙斯（Zeus）。土星是离太阳第六远的行星。是太阳系中仅次于木星的第二大行星。中国古代称之为镇星或填星。土星的英文名字Saturn（以及其他绝大部分欧洲语言中的土星名称）是以罗马神的农神萨杜恩命名的。希腊神话中的农神Cronus是Uranus（天王星）和该亚的儿子，也是宙斯的父亲。天王星是太阳系中离太阳第七远行星，颜色为灰蓝色，是一颗巨型气体行星(GasGiant)。以直径计算，天王星是太阳系第三大行星；天王星的命名，是取自希腊神话的天神乌拉诺斯—Uranus。乌拉诺斯是古希腊神话中的宇宙之神，是最早的至高无上的神。他是该亚的儿子兼配偶，是Cronus（农神土星）、独眼巨人和泰坦（奥林匹斯山神的前辈）的父亲。海王星为太阳系九大行星中的第八个，是一个巨行星。海王星。目前海王星是太阳系内离太阳第二远的行星。海王星的名字是罗马神话中的海神涅普顿（Neptune）。古希腊神话中海神叫波塞冬(Poseidon)。1.Doyouknowhowdidtheuniversebegin?Eachreligionorculturehasitsownideasaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse?Pre-readingPanguseparatestheskyfromtheearth.PanguseparatestheskyfromtheearthPanguseparatedtheearthandskywithanax.Afterhedied,hisbreathbecamewindandcloud;hisvoicebecamethunderandhislefteyesunandrightonemoon;armsandlegsbecameedgesandmountains;bloodbecameriversandtendon(筋脉)becameroads;musclesbecamefieldsandhairstars;teethandbonesbecamemetals,pearlsandjade;sweatbecamerain.OtherlegendsaboutthebeginningofuniverseHolyBibleTheBiblicalAccountDay1:GodspokeandseparatedlightfromdarknesscreatingDayandNightDay2:GodspokeandseparatedthewatercreatingskyandoceanDay3:Godspokeandcreateddryland上帝创世说：Day4:Godspokeandcreatedthesun,moonandstarsDay5:GodspokeandcreatedlivingcreaturesintheairandseaDay6:GodspokeandcreatedthelandanimalsandmanDay7:GodrestedandblessedthisdaycallingitHolyBrahman(婆罗门)isthegodfirstrepresentedintheHinduTriad.Heisthecreatoroftheuniverseandalllivingbeingsaresaidtohaveevolvedfromhim.IndiaDoyouknowtheoriginofthehumanbeings?Manhadevolvedfromapes.EarthHowlifebeganontheearthTheBigBangBigBangAsolidballAtmosphereTheearthItwasfullofwater.Originalcells.Thecellsinthewaterbegantoseparate.waterPlantsinthewaterShellfishandfishPlantsonlandInsectsandamphibiansReptilesDinosaursMammalsManhadevolvedfromapes.watergreenplantsonland234HowlifebeganontheearthAnalysing5678forestsshellfishandallsortsoffishinsects(onland)amphibians(onlandandinwater)reptiles(onland)dinosaurs(onland)mammals(onland)smallcleveranimalswithhandsandfeethumansmallplantsinwater1ReadingHowLifeBeganontheEarthAcloudofdustCombineintoasolidballExplode…withfire&rock(produceH2O,CO2,O2,N2,othergases)atmosphereCooldownwaterappeareddissolveharmfulgasesinto…LifebeganLifedevelopedThedevelopmentoflifeScanning1.Whatwasproducedwhentheearthexploded?2.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?3.Wheredidlifefirstbegin,onthelandorinthesea?4.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?3’1.Whatwasproducedwhentheearthexploded?•Watervapour,carbondioxide,oxygen,nitrogenandothergases.2.Howdidwatercomeintobeingontheearth?•Theexplosionoftheearthproducedwatervapor,whichturnedintowaterwhentheearthcooleddown.3.Wheredidlifefirstbegin,onthelandorinthesea?•Inthesea.Becausewaterdissolvedharmfulgasesandmadeitpossibleforlifetobegin.4.Whyweremammalsdifferentfromotheranimals?•Becausetheyproducedtheiryoungfromwithintheirbodies.CarefulReadingFinishthecomprehendingonpage26-27Thinkaboutwhatyouhavereadandmakechoices.Whywastheearthdifferentfromotherplanets?Aitproducedalotofheat.B.Thewaterremained.CWaterdisappeared.D.Itwastheoldestplanet.Whywaslifeabletodevelopontheearthbutnotonotherplanets?ATheearthhadasolidshape.B.Theearthdidnothaveharmfulgasesinitsatmosphere.CThewaterstayedontheearthbutnotonotherplanets.D.Theearthwasnottoohotandnottoocold.Whywasitnecessaryforplantstogrowbeforeanimals?AAnimalsneededplantstoprotectthemfromthesun.BPlantsprovidedoxygenforanimalstobreathe.CAnimalscouldhidefromhuntersinforest.DItwaseasierforplantstogrow.Whatproblemiscausedbyhumanbeing?ATheyexisteverywhereontheearth.BTheycauseglobalwarming.CTheyfindnewmethodsofgrowingcrops.DTheyenjoyhuntingandfishing.Comprehending1.BCBB2.DBIGEHACFJ①acloudofdust②asolidball③presenceofwater④smallplantsgrowonthewater⑤shellfishandotherfishappear⑥plantsbegintogrowondryland⑦insectsandamphibiansappear⑧reptilesappear⑨dinosaursappear⑩mammals(includinghumans)appearP26(6’)Listentothetape123456789SmallplantsinwaterShellfishanda