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Unit5MusicGrammar“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句中较复杂的一种，多用于正式文体中。这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which，whom，whose。它们既可引导限定性定语从句，又可引导非限定性定语从句。同学们在学习这种定语从句时要注意以下几种情况：一、注意介词的选取“介词”+“关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的选取应根据如下几点：1．根据介词和定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：•Whoisthemanwithwhomyoujustshookhands？刚才和你握手的人是谁？•ThetwothingsaboutwhichMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.马克思不大有把握的两个方面是语法和某些习惯用语。1.Inthedarkstreettherewasn'tasingleperson_____shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom析：答案为D。介词to和定语从句中的turn构成固定搭配turntosb.forhelp。意为“向某人求助”。2．根据定语从句意思的需要，此时不但要注意其前的搭配也要注意其后的搭配。如：•Hehadabadcold，becauseofwhichhedidn'tattendthemeeting.他患了重感冒，因此未能参加会议。•Thespeedatwhichthecarrunsdependsontheroadcondition.这辆车的速度要根据路面状况而定。2.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m.，_______manypeoplehavegothome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich析：答案为D。根据句意“到下午5：30时，许多人已经到家了”，且定语从句中又用了完成时，故应用介词by。3.根据意思也可用复杂介词，如bymeansof，asaresultof，infrontof，inthebackof，allof，mostof等，如：(1)Theinstrumentbymeansofwhichthetemperatureismeasurediscalledthermometer.用来测量温度的仪器叫温度计。（2）Therearefortystudentsintheclassroom，allofwhomareworkinghardataprobleminmathematics.教室里有四十个学生，他们都在努力计算一道数学难题。二、注意关系代词的选取在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，如果关系代词指代事物就用which;如果指代人则用whom;若表示“……的”则用whose。如：1.Thisistheclassroominwhichwestudiedlastyear.这就是我们去年学习的教室。2.Therearesixtystudentsinourclass，twentyofwhomaregirls.我们班有六十个学生，其中二十个是女生。3.Helivesinahouse，whosedooropenstothenorth.他住的房子门是朝北开的。1.Hepaidtheboy＄10forwashingthewindows，mostof_____hadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.(MET1990)A.thoseB.theseC.thatD.which2.Thegentleman_____youtoldmeyesterdayprovedtobeathief.（上海2000春招）A.whoB.aboutwhomC.whomD.withwhom析：考例1中关系代词指代“窗子”，故用which，答案为D；考例2中关系代词指代人，故用whom，它又和后面的told构成固定搭配tellsb.aboutsb./sth.，故答案为B。三、注意关系代词的替换1.介词in，on，at，for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词when，where，why等替换。如：(1)AmericaisthecountryinwhichGeorgeWashingtonwasborn.美国是乔治•华盛顿出生的国家。(inwhich用where替换)(2)Ihaveforgottentheexactdateonwhichthissmallcountrybecameindependent.我忘了这个国家独立的确切日期了。(onwhich用when替换)(3)Thereasonforwhichherefusedtogotothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhimto.他拒绝去赴宴的原因是他没受到他们的邀请。(forwhich用why替换)2。“the名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句时，可与相关的关系副词“whose+名词”替换。如：(1)Iwilltalktothosestudentsthehomeworkofwhomhasn'tbeendone.我要和没完成作业的同学谈话。(thehomeworkofwhom用whosehomework替换)(2)Shelivesinthehousethewindowsofwhichfacetotheeast.她住在一栋窗户朝东的房子里。(thewindowsofwhich用whosewindows替换)四、注意不能拆开的动词短语并不是所有的动词短语都能拆开，要注意有些动词短语不能拆开使用。这样的动词短语常用的有：lookafter，lookfor，turnin，payattentionto，takecareof，dependon，listento等。如：1。Thebabies(whom)thenursesarelookingafterareveryhealthy.保育员照看的婴儿都很健康。2。Isthisthebook(which/that)shewaslookingfor？这是她正在找的那本书吗？3。Whereisthewallet(which/that)youturnedinyesterday？你昨天上交的钱包哪去了？4。Thesearethewords(which/that)youshouldpayattentionto.这些是你应该注意的单词。五、注意“介词+where”引导的定语从句有时我们可以见到“介词+where”引导的定语从句，此时要和“介词+which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。如：1。Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow，fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow.而不是fromthewindow)2。Theystoodonthetopofthebuilding，fromwheretheycouldseethewholecity.他们站在楼顶上，从那儿能看到整个城市。(fromwhere相当于fromthetopofthebuilding，而不是fromthebuiding)六.介词+关系代词除后面加句子引导定语从句外，还可直接跟不定式作定语，相当于一个定语从句。如：Hehassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichtosupporthisfamily.=Hehassavedanotherthousanddollarswithwhichhecouldsupporthisfamily.他又攒了一千块钱，用这些钱他可以养活他的家庭。注：在这种结构中，若把介词移至句尾，whom和which必须省略。比较：Ihavefoundaroominwhichtoputmythings.(正)Ihavefoundaroomwhichtoputmythingsin.(误)Ihavefoundaroomtoputmythingsin.(正)Fillintheblankswithproperprepositions:1.Thesungivesusheatandlight,________whichwecan’tlive.2.Thestudent________whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass.3.I’llneverforgettheday_____whichshesaidgood-byetome.4.Whocangivemethereason______whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?foraboutonwithoutPractice:1.Findoutalltheattributivesentencesinthereadingpassage”thebandthatwasn’t”onPage34.2.FinishExercise3onPage37.