专题探究考点突破专题探究考点突破⊙怎么考在语法填空与短文改错中考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法,侧重考查that,which,when,where的用法。⊙怎么学在平时的学习中,不死抠,不死背语法条目,而要在语篇中认真体会学习与印证。⊙怎么解1.弄清关系代词和关系副词所代替的先行词和关系词在从句中所作的成分;2.思考其语法特征和语义特征,注意区分意义相近的关系词。专题探究考点突破Ⅰ.体验考向用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1.(2015·江苏卷)Thenumberofsmokers,________isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.2.(2015·湖南卷)Itisatrulydelightfulplace,________looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.专题探究考点突破3.(2015·北京卷)OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch,________youcanhearsomelovelymusic.4.(2015·浙江卷)Creatinganatmospherein________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.5.(2015·重庆卷)Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof________werepublishedinthe1990s.专题探究考点突破答案1.as[句意:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句,在这里作主语,意为“正如……,这一点”,代替整个主句的内容。]2.which[句意:这真是一个令人开心的地方,它看起来和一百年前一模一样,有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place,在定语从句中用作主语,引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。]专题探究考点突破3.where[句意:对面是圣保罗教堂,在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Paul'sChurch,从句主谓宾成分完整,去掉空后依然是完整的句子,可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语,故用where。]4.which[句意:创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为anatmosphere,在从句中作地点状语,此处inwhich相当于where。]5.which[句意:他写了很多的儿童书,其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books,作介词of的宾语。]专题探究考点突破Ⅱ.语境感悟完成下列短文,然后朗读或背诵短文,体会定语从句的用法。Doyouknowtheman__1__wrotethisbook?HewasJason,oneoftheengineers__2__camefromRussiainthe1950s.Heworkedinthesamefactory__3__myfatheronceworked.WhenhecametoChina,thefirstthing__4__hedidwastovisitthefactory__5__didresearchontrolleybusesandfoundoutthereason__6__Chinawassobackwardinit.Thenhespenteveryminute__7__hecouldsparetohelpChinadeveloptransportation.__8__ismentionedabove,Jasonwasaforeigner__9__madegreatcontributionstoourcountryandwasakindman__10__weshouldsaythanks.专题探究考点突破答案1.who[关系代词。代替先行词表示人,在从句中作主语。]2.who[同上。]3.where[关系副词。其先行词表示地点。]4.that[关系代词。其先行词前有序数词或最高级修饰时,用that作主语或宾语。]5.which/that[关系代词。代替先行词表示“物”,在从句中作主语。]专题探究考点突破6.why[关系副词。表示原因的先行词后用why。]7.that/which或不填[关系代词。作从句的宾语并指物时,用that/which或不填。]8.As[关系代词。在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语,指代后句提到的整个结构。]9.who/that[同第一题。]10.towhom[“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,重点考查固定搭配中的介词。]专题探究考点突破Ⅲ.正反探究1.【误】ThisisthejacketwhichIboughtitlastmonth.【正】ThisisthejacketwhichIboughtlastmonth.解析which在从句中作宾语,it多余。2.【误】Theystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromwhichtheycouldseethewholecity.【正】Theystoodonthetopofthebuilding,fromwheretheycouldseethewholecity.解析fromwhere=fromthetopofthebuilding;fromwhich=fromthebuilding,显然前者比较合适。专题探究考点突破3.【误】Thefishermanlivesinanoldhouse,infrontofwhichawelllies.【正】Thefishermanlivesinanoldhouse,infrontofwhichliesawell.解析infrontof...放在定语从句句首,且从句中含有动词lie,stand等,主语为名词,这时要采用倒装结构,把lie,stand等放在作主语的名词前。4.【误】Ihadtoldthemthereason,whyIdidn'tattendthemeeting.【正】Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn'tattendthemeeting.解析that,why通常不用于引导非限制性定语从句。专题探究考点突破5.【误】Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaderswhoconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.【正】Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaderswhereconsumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.解析主句是caseswillbeintroducedtoreaders,所以用where引导定语从句。在定语从句中有时会出现先行词与定语从句分隔的现象。此时要注意准确辨认。专题探究考点突破Ⅳ.考点确认一、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用,同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语专题探究考点突破that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语专题探究考点突破①Thepeoplewhocalledyesterdaywanttobuythehouse.②Theauthor(whom)youcriticizedhaswrittenaletterinreply.③Doyouknowthegirlwhosefatherisadoctor?④ThepersonthatyoutalkedaboutjustnowisMrLiu.⑤Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.⑥Tomwaslateforworkagainthismorning,whichmadethebossangry.专题探究考点突破⑦Asiaknowntoall,Chinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.⑧Istillrememberthedaywhen(onwhich)Ifirstcametothisschool.⑨Thisisthesmallvillagewhere(inwhich)hewasborn.⑩Thereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.专题探究考点突破二、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面,形成“介词+关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题:1.介词的确定该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。①Whoisthegirlwithwhomyoujustshookhands?(根据shakehandswith...确定)②Hebuiltatelescopethroughwhichhecouldstudytheskies.(根据先行词的需要确定,即throughthetelescope)专题探究考点突破2.关系代词的使用介词放在关系代词之前时,关系代词不用that。指物时用which,指人时用whom,作定语时用whose。Thefactoryinwhichheonceworkedistorndown.ThewomantowhomItalkedjustnowismyEnglishteacher.Lastmonth,partoftheprovincewasstruckbyfloods,fromwhoseeffectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.专题探究考点突破3.“不定代词或数词+of+关系代词”结构“不定代词或数词+of+关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。Chinahasalotofislands,oneofwhichisTaiwan.Therearealotofstudentshere,noneofwhomlikethefilm.专题探究考点突破4.“名词+ofwhich”结构“名词+ofwhich”常代替“whose+名词”在定语从句中作定语。Isawsometrees,theleavesofwhich(=whoseleaves)wereblackwithdisease.Hementionedabook,thetitleofwhich(=whosetitle)I'veforgotten.专题探究考点突破三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时,关系代词用which或as,但二者的用法也有区别。1.which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后,而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后,也可以在主句中间。Ifailedagaininthematch,whichwasagreatpity.Aswehadexpected,heopposedtheplan.专题探究考点突破2.which通常意为“这;这一点”,as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等,意为“正如”。Hesoldhisbicycle,whichsurprisedme.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoourhealth.=Smokingisharmfultoourhealth,asweknow.注意:有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导,但此时先行词前一