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Copyright©2006AmericanAssociationofTextileChemistsandColoristsAATCCTechnicalManual/2007TM96-2004133Developedin1960byAATCCCommitteeRA42;revised1967,1980,1988(withtitlechange),1995,1997,1999,2001;reaffirmed1972,1975;editoriallyre-vised1973,1974,1975,1982,1983,1984,1989,1990,1991,1994,2004,2005,2006;technicalcorrection1984;editoriallyrevisedandreaffirmed1993.RelatedtoISO5077.1.PurposeandScope1.1Thistestmethodisusedtodeter-minethedimensionalchangesinwovenandknittedfabricsmadeoffibersotherthanwoolwhensubjectedtolaunderingprocedurescommonlyusedinacommer-ciallaundry.Arangeoflaunderingtestproceduresfromseveretomildispro-videdtoallowsimulationofthevarioustypesofcommerciallaunderingsavail-able.Fivedryingtestproceduresareestab-lishedtocoverthedryingtechniquesused.1.2Thesetestsarenotacceleratedandmustberepeatedtodeterminedimen-sionalchangesaftermultiplelaunderings.2.Principle2.1Thedimensionalchangeofwovenandknittedfabricspecimenssubjectedtowashing,dryingandrestorationproce-durestypicalofcommerciallaunderingaredeterminedbymeasuringchangesinbenchmarkdistancesappliedtothefab-ricbeforelaundering.3.Terminology3.1commerciallaundering,n.—aprocessbywhichtextileproductsorspecimensmaybewashed,rinsed,bleached,driedandpressedincommer-ciallaunderingequipment,typicallyathighertemperaturesandpHsandlongertimesthanusedforhomelaundering.3.2dimensionalchange,n.—agenerictermforchangesinlengthorwidthofafabricspecimensubjectedtospecifiedcon-ditions.(seealsoshrinkageandgrowth).3.3growth,n.—adimensionalchangeresultinginanincreaseinthelengthorwidthofaspecimen.3.4laundering,n.—oftextilematerials,aprocessintendedtoremovesoilsand/orstainsbytreatment(washing)withanaqueousdetergentsolutionthatnormallyincludesrinsing,extractinganddrying.3.5shrinkage,n.—adimensionalchangeresultinginadecreaseinthelengthorwidthofaspecimen.3.6wool,n.—usedinthegenericsense,fiberfromthefleeceofthesheeporlamb,hairfromtheAngoraorCashmeregoat,rabbithairandthespecialtyhairfibersfromcamel,alpaca,llamaandvicuna.4.SafetyPrecautionsNOTE:Thesesafetyprecautionsareforinformationpurposesonly.Thepre-cautionsareancillarytothetestingproce-duresandarenotintendedtobeallinclu-sive.Itistheuser’sresponsibilitytousesafeandpropertechniquesinhandlingmaterialsinthistestmethod.Manufac-turersMUSTbeconsultedforspecificdetailssuchasmaterialsafetydatasheetsandothermanufacturer’srecommenda-tions.AllOSHAstandardsandrulesmustalsobeconsultedandfollowed.4.1Goodlaboratorypracticesshouldbefollowed.Wearsafetyglassesinalllaboratoryareas.4.2The1993AATCCStandardRefer-enceDetergentmaycauseirritation.Careshouldbetakentopreventexposuretoskinandeyes.4.3Manufacturer’ssafetyrecommen-dationsshouldbefollowedwhenoperat-inglaboratorytestingequipment.5.ApparatusandMaterials5.1Apparatus.5.1.1Washwheelofthereversingtype(see12.1).5.1.2Flatbedpressmeasuring60×125cmorlarger.Anyflatbedpresscapableofpressingspecimen55cmsquaremaybeusedasanalternative.Theflatbedpressismaintainedatatemperaturenotlessthan135°C(see12.2).5.1.3Dryeroftherotarytumbletype,havingacylindricalbasketapproxi-mately75cmindiameterand60cminlengthandrotatingatapproximately35rpm.Thedryerisprovidedwithameansofmaintainingadryingtemperatureof60±11°Cmeasuredintheexhaustventascloseaspossibletothedryingchamber.5.1.4Conditioning/dryingrackwithpull-outscreenorperforatedshelves(see12.3).5.1.5Facilitiesfordripandlinedrying.5.1.6Hydro-extractor,centrifugalex-tractorofthelaundrytypewithaperfo-ratedbasket,29.0cmdeep×51.0cmdi-ameterwithanoperatingspeedof1700rpm(see12.4).5.1.7Ballastof92×92±3cmhemmedpiecesofbleachedcottonsheet-ing(Washloadballasttype1)or50/50polyester/cottonbleachedandmercerizedplainweave(Washloadballasttype3)(see12.12and12.13).5.2Measuringdevices.5.2.1Indelibleinkmarkingpen(see12.5)forusewithsuitablerule,tape,markingtemplate(see12.6).5.2.2Tapeorrulewithdivisionsinmil-limetersorsmallerincrement(see12.6).5.2.3Needleandsewingthreadcanbeusedtomakebenchmarks(see12.11).5.2.4DigitalImagingSystem(see12.14).5.3Materials.5.3.1Detergent,alkylarylsulfonatetype,or1993AATCCStandardReferenceDeter-gent(see12.7and12.13).5.3.2Handiron,electric,steamordry,weighingapproximately1.4kg.6.TestSpecimens6.1Sampling.6.1.1Testthreespecimensofeachsample.Wherepossible,eachspecimenshouldcontaindifferentgroupsoflength-wiseandwidthwiseyarns.6.1.2Fabricsthatarebadlydistortedintheirunlaunderedstatemaygivedecep-tivedimensionalchangeresultswhenlaunderedbyanyprocedure.Therefore,itisrecommendedthatthespecimennotbetakenfromsuchareasor,ifused,there-sultsconsideredasindicativeonly.6.1.3Incasesofdisputeorlitigation:Pre-conditiontestspecimensasdirectedinASTMD1776,StandardPracticeforConditioningandTestingTextiles,priortoconditioning.Otherwise,conditiontestspecimensforatleast4hinanatmo-sphereof21±1°Cand65±2%RHbylayingeachtestspecimenseparatelyonaconditioningrack.6.2Size,PreparationandMarking.6.2.1Thesizeandpreparationoftestspecimenswillvarydependinguponthetypeoffabricbeingtested.6.2.2Forwovenandwarpknitfabricsatleast60cmwide:Preferably,cutthree60×60cmtestspecimens.Markeachspecimenwiththree46cmpairsofbenchm