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,,,(,200237):,;ESISP10202,:;;;:O343.6;O344.6:A:100023738(2008)0120005205Multi2axialStressCreepTestingMethodsforHighTemperatureMaterialsYAOHua2tang,XUANFu2zhen,SHENShu2fang,WANGZheng2dong(EastChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Shanghai200237,China)Abstract:Multi2axialcreeptestingmethodsaregeneralized,andthenthemethodofhowtoevaluatethecreeplifeofhightemperaturecomponentsbasedoncreeptestingdataispresented.Introductionismadetothecommonly2usedmulti2axialcreeptestingmethodsofthinwalledtubetesting,circumferentiallynotchedbartesting,circumferentiallynotchedtubetesting,componentstimulatingtesting,perforatedbiaxialplatetesting,cruciformbiaxialplatetestingandcompacttensiontesting.Characteristicsandapplicationsofthesetestingmethodsarediscussed.Themulti2axialcreeptestingcodeofESISP10202forcircumferentiallynotchedbarisanalyzed,andthentheapproachofhowtopredictthecreeprupturelifeofhightemperaturecomponentsaccordingtotheirrepresentativestresses,skeletalpointstressesandfailuremodesispresented.Keywords:hightemperaturematerial;multi2axialcreep;creeplife;prediction0,,,[1,2][3];:2007203226;:2007205222:(50505012);(05QMX1416);(101054):(1972-),,,:,,,,(ECCC)2001,[4],,,,,,11.1,2040EverettBaily532120081MaterialsforMechanicalEngineeringVol.32No.1Jan.2008,,Lin[5];Wang[6]GH332;Yoshiyuki[7](Hastelloy)XR22;Noguchi[8]316L2;Betten[9],8,12671Tab.1Typesofthinwalledtubetests1T(p)2T(p,F)3T(F)4T()5T(,F)6T(,p)7T(,p,F)8T(M);,,,1.2,,2070,[10,11],,,Kwon[12](Durehete)10552.25Cr1Mo;Spindler[2]304316;Yatomi[13]2;[14]IMI;Manonukul[15]C263;Skelton[16];Jechang[17]12CrWCoB;Basoalto[18],2,,,,1.3,,,,1/e()m/e()[1,2],,Spindler[2],,,Seliger[19]9%Cr,20mm,4mm,160mm,10mm,[20,21],,Spindler,,,,1.4(specimentest),,(componentstimula2tingtest),,6,:Hsiao2.25Cr1Mo63.5mm11.25mm,,8.1mm565,100MPaHsiao,2125Cr1MoASMEN247LarsonMiller,,,,,1.5,,,(1),,Becker[22]6506400.5Cr0.5Mo0.25V;Qi[23]SRR99(2),Hayhurst[24]Morrison[25],HayhurstAl2Mg2Si,RCC2MR(3),,Nikbin[26]550316H,LICON[27]2,2080(ESIS)20019[11](),ESISP10202,ALSTON,1991[10],,,[28],,2.1GB/T2039-1997(1a)(2a)(19.6mm2)(1)(2)(2,)(a)(b)(c)21Fig.1Typesofcircumferentiallynotchedbarspecimens,1a;,1b,,,;,1c2,1,,7,:,,2aV,()1,,;,(Bridgman)(2bcd),,2(mm)Tab.2DimensionsofsingleBridgmanbar(mm)SnodnoDcLnc12.53.995.644255.647.986507.9811.28810011.2815.961120015.9622.561640022.5631.90233D2(rno+D)2.22.2.1,,;,,2,tnurep[29],,2,,,2,,2.2.2,,313mVonMises3VM,rep,1:rep31,2,,rep=k1net2:rep=31rep=3VM,,,(rep=31)(rep=3VM)3:,,,,CaneHayhurstrep=1VMVM(0)(1)rep=1+3m+(1--)VM(0+1)(2):,,,2.2.3,Norton,tu:tu=C(T)-(3):,C(T),,tnu:tnu=C(T)-rep(4)tnu3,208,:80,ESISP10202,,,ESISP10202,,,,:[1]GoodallIW,SkeltonRP.Theimportanceofmulti2axialstressincreepdeformationandrupture[J].FatigueandFrac2tureofEngineeringMaterialandStructure,2003,27:267-272.[2]SpindlerMW.Themulti2axialcreepductilityofausteniticstainlesssteels[J].FatigueandFractureofEngineeringMate2rialandStructure,2003,27:273-281.[3]KasserME,HayesTA.Creepcavitationinmetals[J].In2ternationalJournalofPlascity,2003,19:1715-1748.[4].[J].,2004,28(1):4-11.[5]LinJ,KowalewskibZL,CaoJ.Creepruptureofcopperandaluminiumalloyundercombinedloadingsexperi2mentsandtheirvariousdescriptions[J].InternationalJournalofMechan2icalSciences,2005,47:1038-1058.[6]WangLianqing,WangJianguo,WangHongying,etal.Inter2actionoffatigueandcreepofGH33undermulti2axialstressathightemperature[J].JournalofUniversityofScienceandTechnologyBeijing,2003,10(2):79-80.[7]YoshiyukiKAJI,HirokazuTSUJI,HiroshiNISHI,etal.Multi2axialcreepbehaviorofNickel2basedalloysHastelloyXRandNi2Cr2Wsuperalloyatelevatedtemperatures[J].JournalofNuclearScienceandTechnology,2002,39:923-928.[8]NoguchiY,MIgaharaM.Multi2axialcreep2fatiguelifeevalua2tionunderproportionalloading[J].ActaMetallurgicaSinica,2004,17(4):355-360.[9]BettenJ.Creepdamageandlifeanalysisofanisotropicmateri2als[J].ArchiveofAppliedMechanics,2001,71:78-88.[10]WebsterGA,CaneBJ,DysonBF,etal.Acodeofpracticefornotchedbarcreeprupturetesting:Proceduresandinter2pretationofdatafordesign[S].HTMTC,029467521326,London:HighTemperatureMechanicalTestingCommittee,1991.[11]WebsterGA,HoldsworthSR,LovedayMS,etal.Acodeofpracticeforconductingnotchedbarcreeprupturetestsandforinterpretingthedata[S].ESISP10202,Issue2,London:HighTemperatureMechanicalTestingCommittee,2001.[12]KwonO,TackAJ,ThomasCW,etal.Thedevelopmentofamulti2axialstressrupturecriterionforboltingsteelsusingnewandserviceagedmaterials[J].InternationalJournalofPressureVesselsandPiping,2000,77:91-97.[13]YatomiM,BettinsonAD,ODOWDNP,etal.Modellingofdamagedevelopmentandfailureinnotchedbarmulti2axialcreeptests[J].FatigueandFractureofEngineeringMaterialandStructure,2003,27:283-295.[14],.IMI834[J].,2005,27(4):530-533.[15]ManonukulA,DunneFPE,KnowlesDS,etal.Multi2axialcreepandcyclicplasticityinnickel2basesuperalloyC263[J].InternationalJournalofPlasticity,2005,21:1-20.[16]SkeltonRP,GoodallIW,WebsterGA,etal.Factorsaf2fectingreheatcrackingintheHAZofausteniticsteelweld2ments[J].InternationalJournalofPressureVesselsandPip2ing,2003,80:441-451.[17]JechangHa,MasaakiTabuchi,HiromichiHongo,etal.Creepcrackgr