跨文化交际案例分析(共7个)

1《跨文化交际学概论》第七章社会交往五、宴请招待p132CaseOne:SettingRulesforaGuest–AmericanHospitality案例：WhenZhangTaotraveledinAmerica,helivedinthehomeofhisAmericanfriend,Bill.Onceafterhehadtraveledback,hefoundBillwasinabadmood.Whenheaskedwhattheproblemwas,BilltoldZhangTaothathissonAdamgotfuriousaboutthenoiseZhangmadewhenwalkingupstairsandalsobecausehewasusingtoomuchwaterinthesolarpoweredshowerandAdamhadtohavehisshowerincoldwater.BilltoldZhangTaothatheshouldwalkmoresoftlyinfuture,andhaveafastshowertosavewater.ZhangTaofeltuneasy.Howcouldthehostsetsuchrulesforhisguest!Question:WhydidZhangTaofeeluneasy?分析：1)InChina,whenpeoplehostsomeone,theyputtheguestintheplaceofhonortoshowhospitality.Theytrytotakecareoftheguest，andtrytomaketheguestfeelcomfortableandatease.2)InAmerica,peopletendtogivetheguestgreatfreedomandtreataguestmorecasually,naturallyandtruthfully.3)ZhangTaoknewhewasaguest,andthoughtintermsofChineseexpectationsofhospitality.HethoughtBillshouldtreathimcourteouslyinsteadofsettingrulesforhim.4)SinceZhangTaolivedinAmericansurroundings,heshouldhaveknownaboutthecustomstheresooner.CaseTwo:案例：Linhadtraveled20hoursfromBeijingtoNewYork.Heneededagoodmeal.HisAmericanfriend,Mike,methim.ButMikeonlyofferedhimaplateofroastedchickenandaglassoforangejuice.Linwasusedtohavingamaincourse,andaskedMikeifhehadanyrice.Mikesaidheonlyhadfriednoodles,andLinhadtomakedowithit.ThoughLinknewAmericansdidn’tcareverymuchaboutwhatfoodtheyate,hestillfeltsurprisedbecausehehadtakenMiketothemostfamousduckrestaurantinBeijing--Quanjude--whenhearrivedinBeijing.Question:WhydidLinfeelsurprised?OffersomeadvicetohimaboutadjustingtohisnewenvironmentinAmerica.2分析：1)0nthetopicofhospitality,theChinesestressonwarmthanddemonstratingfriendship.Theytaketheguesttoafamousorluxuriousrestauranttohaveaverygood(expensive)mealtoshowtheirhospitality.AndtheChineseareusedtohavingabigmeal.Themoredishestheyputout，thegreaterthewarmthandfriendshiptheyshow.2)Inwesterncountries,peoplestressonfreedom.Theygivetheguestgreatfreedomtochoosetheirownfoods.Andwesternerstendtohaveonlyonemaincourseandsomejuiceordessert，whichisviewedascasualintheeyesoftheChinese.3)LinlivedinAmericansurroundingsandshouldhaveadjustedhimselfquicklytothenewworld(lifestyle).Heshouldhaveknownthecustomtherefirst,andfeltmoreateaseinMike’shome.CaseThree:EqualityorHospitalityforTableManners案例：LinHuahasaccompaniedanAmericandelegationtovisitChina.TheyhaveexperiencedthehospitalityoftheChinesepeople.AfterreturningtoAmerica,Linhuaoncevisitedthem.Theyweresogladtomeetagain.Linhuaofferedtohostthemeal,buttheyrefused.Theyorderedtheirowndish,andLinhuaorderedherown.Whenfootingthebill,theyonlypaidtheirpart，andnoonewantedtopayforLinhua.Linhuafoundthemsoinhospitable,thoughsheknewtheAmericanswouldusuallypayfortheirownfood.Question:WhydidLinhuafindtheminhospitable?分析：1)InChina,toshowhospitality,peopletendtohostthemeal.Andiftheycannotdothis,theyatleastwillstruggletopayfortheguest.2)InAmerica,peopletendtopayforthemselvestoshowequalityandindependence.3)Linhuaknowsthiscustom,butfromaChinesepointofview,shestillfindsthishardtoaccept,andfeelsitalittleinhospitable.CaseFour:案例：IhaveanAmericanfriend.Ihaveinvitedhimseveraltimes,andatlonglastheinvitedmetohishomeoneday.Hetoldmetogetthereat3pm.Ithoughtwecouldchatandhaveamealtogether.IgavehimaChinesecalendar,awoman’sscarfandabottleofChinesewhitewine.Heonlytookoutadishofnuts,aplateofbreadandabottleofwine.Aftertwohours’chat,Ifoundtherewasnohintofamealandsaidgood-byetohim.HeonlygavemeaboxofchocolateasapresentfortheNewYear.AfterIgothome,Ifoundtheboxalreadybeenopened.Iwasverysurprised,Question:Whatsurprisedme?3分析：1)InChina,avisittohomealwaysincludesameal.Andtheguestalwaysbringsarelativelyexpensivepresenttothehost.Andthepresentshouldbewellwrappedoruntouched.2)Inthewest,avisittohomeonlymeansameeting,notnecessarilyincludingameal.AndthepresentistreatednotasimportantlyasitisinChina.3)IactedinawaythatwasbasedonChinesecustoms,soIfelttheAmericanwaywasveryinteresting(unusual).CaseFive:WayofEntertainingGuestsinChina----Drinkmoreandmore案例：Tom,anAmerican,wenttoaChinesehomeforthefirsttime.Hewasofferedsometea.Justwhenthefirstcupwasabouttofinish,moreteawasadded.Hedrankthesecondcup.Thenthecupwasfilledthethirdtime.Thenhedrankit,then⋯untilhewasquitefull.Tomwastotallyconfusedbythewayofentertaining.Question:WhywasTomtotallyconfused?分析：1)TraditionalChinesecustomrequiresthatduringthecourseofentertaining,thehosthastoalwayspourmorewineorteatotheguest’sglassorcup,andalwaysaddsmorefoodtotheguest’splateorbowlwithoutaskingwhetherit’swanted.2)Chineseguestsknowhowtorespondtothistypeofhospitality.Theysimplyleavethewine,tea,orfoodinthecontainerandstophavinganymore.ButTom,theAmericanguestinthecasedidn’tknowthis.3)Hefollowedthepolitenessruleofhisculture:it’snotgoodmannerstoleavefoodinone’sownplateatadinnertable.Therefore,withoutanyknowledgeofthedifferencesbetweenthetwocultures,anAmericanguestwouldverylikelysufferfromeitherdrinkingoreatingtoomuchinsuchasituation.CaseSixAsaforeignstudentattheUniversityofWisconsininMadison,KeikoIhara(Japanese)wasonastrictbud