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中考复习系列动词不定式用法归纳概说动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们记忆动词不定式的主要用法一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(此时not不能再与助动词连用)。三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语宾语表语定语状语宾补主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。例:Togoinforsportshelpsyoustayfit.Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.返回注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind，nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示性格品质评价的形容词。例:It’srightofhimtorefusetheinvitation.(him为逻辑主语)点击规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,除了直接作主语外，常放在:Itis＋adj．(形容词)＋todosth.或Itis＋n．(名词)＋todosth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。动词宾语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle类似用法的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide,agree,love,like,hate,prefer等。Ifounditverydifficulttogetajob.(it为形式宾语)点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思区别不大。提示板：likedoing指经常性动作，而liketodo指一次性的动作。Ilikeswimming，butIdon‘tliketoswimnow．我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。stop,forget,remember,goon,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。点击规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：1)stoptodosth.:停止一件事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.:停止正在做的事。例如：Whentheteachercamein,thestudentsstoppedtalking；当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话；whenhecameout,thestudentsstoppedtotalk．当老师走出去时,学生们又开始说话。2)思考:forget,remember,goon，try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？点击规律：在find／feel＋it＋adj．＋todosth．句型中，it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。返回如：Themandownstairsfounditdifficulttogettosleep．Ifeeliteasytorecitethetext．点击规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上页的stop例句。表语放在连系动词be后面例句:Hiswishistobecomeascientist．Ourdutyistoprotecttheenvironment.Thefirstimportantthingistosavethesoldiers’lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。返回定语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词、代词的后面。例:Heisthefirstpersontosailaroundtheworld.Ihavealotofworktodo．Thedoctorsaidhecoulddonothingtohelptheboy．点击规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。返回提示板:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,且动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：Ihaveasmallbedroomtolivein．Haveyougotsomepenstowritewith？作状语a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,inorder等词后面.如：Icometoseeyou．Herunsfastinordertogetthereintime．Theybroughtinphotosoftheirfamiliesformetolookat返回b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed，excited等词后面。(有些资料上把这类称为不定式在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明,作形容词补足语）如：Iamgladtoseeyouhere．Iamsorrytotroubleyou．c.作结果状语。如:Someoftheapplesarehardtoreach．Theroomislargeenoughtohold1000people．宾语补足语(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome．Itellhimnottogotherebybus．Edison‘smothertaughthimtoreadandwrite．返回(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see,watch,hear,feel,make,let,have,observe,notice,help等)后不带to的不定式作宾补。如：Thebossmakesthemwork16hoursaday．Iheardhersinginthenextroom．提示板:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。如:Theyaremadetowork16hoursadaybytheboss．Shewasheardtosinginthenextroom．“疑问词＋不定式”用法不定式前可带what，who，which，where,when,how,whose,等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.(直宾)Idon’tknowwhattosaynow.(宾语)Idon'tknowwhattodonext.(宾语）Hetaughtushowtousethecomputer．(宾语补足语)返回It'sstillaquestionhowtogetthere．(主语)在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.根据句意,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It'stimeforus____(have)supper．2.Wouldyoulike____(go)shoppingwithme？3.Ittookushalfanhour_______(work)outtheproblem．togo主语togo宾语towork主语4.Heisoldenough_____(join)thearmy．5.Ifeelstrange_______(have)atwinsister．6.Iamveryglad_______(meet)youhere．7．Theyprefer______(stay)athomeratherthangoout．tojoin结果状语tohave形容词补足语(原)tomeet形容词补足语(原)tostay宾语8.Wesawthem_______(come)intotheroomjustnow．9.Whathesaidmademe_____(feel)sorry．10.Iamsorry．Iforgot_____(tell)youthenews．11.Hisplanis_______(spend)afewdaysinthemountains．tocome宾补tofeel宾补totell宾语tospend表语12.Haveyougotanything_____(say)?13.Haveyoudecidedwhichone________(choose)?14.Doyouknowwhen______(start)？15.Heistooweak________(carry)thebigstone．tosay定语tochoose定语tostart不定式短语作宾语tocarry结果状语Hi,relaxyourself!